<p>Petty Island  is a 292 acre island located in the Delaware River, which forms the border between Pennsylvania and New Jersey in the United States. It is situated between the cities of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Camden, New Jersey, and can be seen from both the Benjamin Franklin Bridge and the Betsy Ross Bridge. It is the fourth-largest island in the Delaware River&#39;s path. Petty Island is officially part of Pennsauken Township, New Jersey.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Petty Island was called "Shackamaxon Island" after the local Shackamaxon village of Lenni Lenape, "Aquikanasara" by Swedish explorer Peter Lindestrom in 1654, and "Treaty Island" likely after Penn Treaty by the Manderson Family who in 1852 bought most of the land. It was bought from local chiefs by Elizabeth Kinsey, a Quaker who had fled persecution in England. William Penn owned the island after Kinsey; John Petty, its namesake, bought it in 1732. It is thought to be the place where Captain Blackbeard docked his ship when visiting Philadelphia. The island was a hotbed for gambling and dueling in the 18th and 19th centuries, and acquired a reputation for lawlessness and danger; adding to this danger was the large number of shipwrecks which occurred around the island, some of which are still visible at low tide. Ralston Laird, an Irish immigrant, moved to Petty Island in 1851 and became a farm manager there, living on the island for nearly 60 years and eventually being proclaimed its "king".</p><br>
<p>In 1971, the Philadelphia Bicentennial Planning Committee proposed using the island as a World&#39;s Fair style exposition site for the 1976 Bicentennial celebration. These plans were unsuccessful, however, and the park was never built. Petty Island is currently uninhabited, the last residential structure having burned down in 1964. It was subject to industrial development in the 20th century, and is owned by Citgo, which uses the island for fuel storage. There is a crew of approximately 100 Citgo employees who worked on the island. Additionally, Citgo leases portions of the island to Crowley Maritime, a company shipping goods to Puerto Rico, and Koch Industries, an asphalt manufacturing business. The western end of the island is undeveloped and forested.</p><br>
<p>In the 2000s (decade), local politics in Pennsauken turned to Petty Island as a centerpiece for waterfront redevelopment, with residents and politicians hoping to install restaurants and a golf course on the island. Environmental groups have opposed these measures because of a pair of bald eagles living on the island.</p><br>
<p>Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez announced in April 2009 that the Venezuelan Government (owner of CITGO) will donate the Island to New Jersey for environmental preservation. Plans are being finalized for the transition, which will not occur before 2020. The New Jersey Natural Lands Trust has been granted a conservation easement for the entire island, with ownership of the island to be transferred from CITGO to the Natural Lands Trust once a lease between CITGO and a shipping terminal ends in 2017 and CITGO completes the cleanup of the island&#39;s former petroleum operations.</p><br>
<p>The West Block  is one of the three buildings on Parliament Hill, in Ottawa, Ontario, containing offices for parliamentarians, as well as some preserved pre-Confederation spaces.</p><br>
<p>Built in the Victorian High Gothic style, the West Block has been extended twice since its original completion in 1865. Though not as renowned as the Centre Block of parliament, the West Block appears on the obverse of the Canadian five-dollar bill. Unlike the other buildings, however, it is not open for public tours.</p><br>
<h2>Characteristics</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Thomas Stent and Augustus Laver, the West Block is an asymmetrical structure built in the Victorian High Gothic style, with load bearing masonry walls, all clad in a rustic Nepean sandstone exterior and dressed stone trim around windows and other edges, as well as displaying a multitude of stone carvings, including gargoyles, grotesques, and friezes, keeping with the style of the rest of the parliamentary complex. The West Block adds to the Ottawa skyline three prominent towers: the Mackenzie Tower (added in 1878), the Laurier Tower (added in 1906), and the Southwest Tower.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Department of Public Works sent out, on 7 May 1859, a call for architects to submit proposals for the new parliament buildings to be erected on Barrack Hill, which was answered by 298 submitted drawings. After the entries were narrowed down to three, then Governor General Sir Edmund Walker Head was approached to break the stalemate and the winner was announced on 29 August 1859. The departmental buildings, Centre Block, and a new residence for the Governor General were each awarded separately and the team of Thomas Stent and Augustus Laver, under the pseudonym of Stat nomen in umbra, won the prize for the first category.</p><br>
<p>Construction on all three blocks commenced by the end of 1859. By the time the West Block was completed in 1865, the building was three years behind schedule. The first tenants were the offices of the postmaster general, the Ministry of Public Works, and the Crown lands departments. As the number of parliamentary and administrative staff increased with the expansion of the country&#39;s area, more space was added to the West Block: the Mackenzie Wing and Tower in 1878 and, in 1906, the Laurier Tower and link.</p><br>
<p>In the early 2000s, the masonry of the West Block was found to be in a state of severe disrepair. Scaffolding and protective sheeting were erected in order to prevent falling blocks from striking pedestrians and cars below and a restoration project was immediately implemented. The two largest towers were also stabilised with temporary steel structures for fear of stones falling off them.</p><br>
<p>During a planned renovation of the Centre Block to begin in 2019, the central courtyard of the West Block will be infilled and roofed over in order that it may serve as a temporary chamber for the House of Commons.</p><br>
<p>The Kaiser Richmond Field Hospital was the first Kaiser Permanente Hospital and is a historic site resource of the city of Richmond, California, and a contributing property to Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The hospital provided health services for surrounding communities until 1995 when it was replaced by the then state-of-the-art Richmond Medical Center in downtown Richmond. The field hospital is now closed and remains in its original location in South Richmond along Cutting Boulevard.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>More American workers died in Home Front accidents than US soldiers killed on World War II battlefields. This was true up to the Battle of Normandy in June 1944. In the summer of 2007 preliminary bus tours were begun with a new guideless model, which instead filled half of the bus with residents who spoke of their experiences from the time to put what are otherwise everyday streets for residents into a greater historical perspective. Henry J. Kaiser, owner of the Richmond Shipyards, realized that only a healthy work force could meet the deadlines and construction needs of wartime America. He institutionalized a revolutionary idea, pre-paid medical care for workers, which soon expanded beyond workers. For many workers, this was the first time they had seen a doctor.</p><br>
<h2>Hospital operations</h2><br>
<p>The Kaiser Richmond Field Hospital for the Richmond Shipyards was financed by the USA Maritime Commission, and opened on August 10, 1942. Sponsored by Kaisers Permanente Foundation, it was run by Medical Director Sidney R. Garfield, M.D. The Field Hospital served as the mid-level component of a three-tier medical care system that also included six well-equipped First Aid Stations at the individual shipyards, and the main Permanente Hospital in Oakland, where the most critical cases were treated. Together, these facilities served the employees of the Kaiser shipyards who had signed up for the Permanente Health Plan (commonly referred to as the "Kaiser Plan"), one of the countrys first voluntary pre-paid medical plans, and a direct precursor to the health maintenance organizations (HMOs) defined by the federal HMO Act of 1973.</p><br>
<p>By August 1944, 92.2 percent of all Richmond shipyard employees had joined the plan, the first voluntary group plan in the country to feature group medical practice, prepayment and substantial medical facilities on such a large scale. After the war ended, the Health Plan was expanded to include workers families. By 1990, Kaiser Permanente was still the countrys largest nonprofit HMO.</p><br>
<p>In part due to wartime materials rationing, the Field Hospital is a single-story wood frame structure designed in a simple modernist mode. Originally intended for use primarily as an emergency facility, the Field Hospital opened with only 10 beds. Later additions increased its capacity to 160 beds by 1944. The Field Hospital operated as a Kaiser Permanente hospital until closing in 1995. Kaiser conducted its first medical research at the facility in 1942 and later at another site before abandoning animal research all together in favor of correlational studies in 1958.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>The site and its parcel officially entitled the Nystrom Tract Addition are owned by Masjeed Al-Noor. It was sold by Kaiser in the late 1990s, after the opening of the Richmond Medical Center and converted to a mosque that was shut down for dilapidated conditions in 2014 by the Richmond Fire Department, which caused cries of racism by Richmond City Councilman Corky Boozé while the congregation began to meet in a tent according to Richmond Confidential.</p><br>
<p>B Bond Warehouse is a former bonded warehouse built to serve Bristol Harbour.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1908, B Bond was the second of three warehouses constructed close to Cumberland Basin to meet the demands of the tobacco import boom of the early 20th century. A Bond was built in 1905 and C Bond in 1919. All three warehouses are Grade II listed buildings.</p><br>
<p>B Bond was the first major building in Britain constructed using the reinforced concrete system pioneered by Edmond Coignet. It was built by Cowlins Construction. The open plan structure, which is nine storeys high and has an 18-window range, was created in two equal parts separated by central spine wall. In addition to the concrete structure, the warehouse was built using black bricks, patent red bricks and blue engineering bricks, with Pennant stone steps, terracotta details and a Welsh slate roof.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s it was still being used for the storage of wines and spirits. The building is now owned by Bristol City Council. The western half houses Bristol Archives (which holds the extensive archives of the city of Bristol) as well as other council offices. The brickwork of the exterior of the building was refurbished by John Perkins Construction using bricks which matched the originals.</p><br>
<p>The eastern side is occupied by the Create Centre, which includes an energy-saving Ecohome designed by Bruges Tozer Architects. The Create Centre also houses several organisations working in sustainable development, including the city council&#39;s sustainability teams.</p><br>
<p>In 2015 a quarter of a million books and reference materials were moved from Bristol Central Library to the B Bond Warehouse to make space for refurbishment and the development of a school at the library building.</p><br>
<p>The Koka Reservoir  is a reservoir in south-central Ethiopia. It was created by the construction of the Koka Dam across the Awash River. The reservoir has an area of 180 square kilometers.</p><br>
<p>Located in the Misraq Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region, close to the capital and largest city of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, the Koka Reservoir is popular with tourists and city-dwellers. There is a variety of wildlife and birds around the lake. The reservoir supports a fishing industry; according to the Ethiopian Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 625 tonnes of fish are landed each year, which the department estimates is either 52% or 89% of its sustainable amount. Both the reservoir and the dam are threatened by increasing sedimentation caused by environmental degradation.</p><br>
<p>The Koka dam consists of concrete with a length of 458 meters and a maximum height of 47 meters. The head utilized is 32–42 meters. The transmission lines have voltage 132 kV. The primary contractor was Imprese Italiane allEstero. The subcontractor who provided the equipment was Gruppo Industriale Elettro Meccaniche per Impiante allEstero, and subcontractor for mounting the equipment and the erection of the transmission lines was Società Anonima Elettrificazione. Construction started in December 1957 and was formally dedicated on 4 May 1960; the budget was Eth$ 30,641,000. The power plant began full operation on 28 August 1960. Addis Ababa is the primary benefactor. The total electric output is 110 GWh/year.Water Analysis for Ethiopia, THE WATER OF THE AWASH RIVER BASIN A FUTURE CHALLENGE TO ETHIOPIA http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/assessment/files/pdf/publications/WorkingPapers/WaterofAwasBasin.pdf</p><br>
<p>Backwater Reservoir is a reservoir in north west Angus, Scotland. The reservoir&#39;s sole purpose is to provide drinking water, and as such, it supplies Angus, Dundee, and parts of Perth and Kinross. Backwater, together with the smaller Lintrathen Reservoir 4 kilometres to the south, is capable of supplying some 300,000 people with drinking water.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The project was initiated by the Dundee Corporation Waterworks in 1964 and absorbed into the newly created East of Scotland Water Board in 1968, before final completion and the official opening by Queen Elizabeth II on 9 October 1969.</p><br>
<p>Scottish Water are the present owners and operators of the reservoir, following the amalgamation of the East of Scotland Water Authority with the West of Scotland and North of Scotland Water Authorities to form a single company. Scottish Water is owned by the Scottish Government.</p><br>
<h2>Technical</h2><br>
<p>The dam is an embankment type, measuring 42.6 metres high by 570 metres long. The reservoir extends for 3 kilometres behind the dam and has a peak capacity of 24.55 e6m3. An unclassified road runs across the spillway and embankment before following the east bank of the reservoir. This road runs for a further 2 kilometres before coming to an end. The dam was the first in Britain to use chemical grouting to create a waterproof barrier below the embankment.</p><br>
<p>Balfour Beatty constructed the embankment and ancillary works. Soil Mechanics and Bachy Soletanche were responsible for the chemical grouting and for tunnelling work. Consulting engineer was Babtie, Shaw and Morton.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Backwater Reservoir is located within Glen Isla. The reservoir can be reached by taking the B951 turn-off from the A93 (around 5 miles south of Spittal of Glenshee) to the north-west, or from the A926 at Kirriemuir to the south-east. The perimeter of the reservoir forms a popular walking route.</p><br>
<p>The Nodena Site is an archeological site east of Wilson, Arkansas and northeast of Reverie, Tennessee in Mississippi County, Arkansas, United States. Around 1400&ndash;1650 CE an aboriginal palisaded village existed in the Nodena area on a meander bend of the Mississippi River. The Nodena site was discovered and first documented by Dr. James K. Hampson, archaeologist and owner of the plantation on which the Nodena site is located. Artifacts from this site are on display in the Hampson Museum State Park in Wilson, Arkansas. The Nodena Site is the type site for the Nodena Phase, believed by many archaeologists to be the province of Pacaha visited by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in 1542.</p><br>
<p>In 1900, a prehistoric mastodon skeleton was discovered 2 mi south of the Nodena site.</p><br>
<p>In 1964, the Nodena Site was declared a National Historic Landmark and in 1966 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Culture of the Nodena people</h2><br>
<p>Nodena is the type site for an important Late Mississippian cultural component, the Nodena phase, which dates from about 1400&ndash;1700 CE. The Nodena Phase was a collection of villages (see Eaker Site) along the Mississippi River between the Missouri Bootheel and Wapanocca Lake. This culture is contemporary with the Menard Complex, Tipton Phase, Walls Phase and the Parkin Phase. The Parkin Indian Mound, the type site for the Parkin Phase, is the site of another Late Mississippian village located in Parkin, Arkansas, about 30 mi southwest of Wilson. In the early 1540s, the Spanish Hernando de Soto Expedition is believed to have visited several sites in the Nodena Phase, which is usually identified as the Province of Pacaha. The Parkin Site is a candidate for the province of Casqui.</p><br>
<p>Nodena people were part of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, an extensive religious and trade network that brought chert, whelk shells, and other exotic goods to the site.</p><br>
<h3>Nodena village 1400&ndash;1650 CE</h3><br>
<p>The site was a 15 acre palisaded village on a horseshoe bend of the Mississippi River about 5 mi east of Wilson, Arkansas. Archaeological artifacts from the villages of the Nodena people are dated to 1400&ndash;1650 CE.</p><br>
<p>The site had three to eight mounds, two of them large substructure mounds. The largest, designated as "Mound A", was 111 ft wide by 120 ft long, and 15.5 ft high. It had two levels, with the top being 40 ft by 60 ft, and the terrace level being 30 ft wide. The remains of three structures were found on the mound, one on the top level and two on the terrace level. The mound designated as "Mound B" was 117 ft by 111 ft by 4 ft tall. It had the remains of a 60 ft diameter round structure found at its summit. The site also had several large plaza areas, and what Dr. Hampson described as a "chunkey field", which was located directly behind Mound A. A circular mound, designated as "Mound C", was located at the other end of the chunkey field. It was roughly 93 ft in diameter and 3 ft high. A large number of male graves, 314 of 316, were found buried under it.</p><br>
<p>The houses in the village were laid out in a very orderly fashion, located on the same axis as the mounds at the site, demonstrating that the whole site was planned. Members of the de Soto Entrada described the villages of the Pacaha and Nodena peoples as being the most carefully planned and organized of all the villages they had seen in "La Florida", which was what they called the entire southeast. The villages of this area were described as having few if any trees, probably because this was the primary source of fuel and building materials. Many trees close to the villages would have been cut down for these purposes. Homes were built from wattle and daub, with thatched roofs. The palisade which surrounded the site was designed for defensive purposes. It had bastions at regular intervals, with archer slots to defend against enemy attacks. The peoples of Casqui and Pacaha were in a state of perpetual war with one another, and most large sites throughout the area in this time period had this type of defensive palisade.</p><br>
<p>The de Soto chroniclers indicate that political provinces characterized by a paramount chief living in a paramount town with satellite vassal towns surrounding it were the major political institutions of this area. The Nodena site was either the main town or one of the larger satellite towns of the Pacaha province.</p><br>
<h3>Pottery</h3><br>
<p>Most pottery found at the Nodena Site is of the kind known as Mississippian Bell Plain. It was buff colored, contains large fragments of ground mussel shell as a tempering agent, and isn&#39;t as smooth and polished as other varieties. Other kinds found there are much finer, with a finer ground shell as a temper, some instances being so finely ground as to look untempered. The Nodena Phase people put a bowl and a bottle into a grave with the bodies, usually of the finer variety of pottery. Shapes and decoration were varied in the mortuary pottery, from brighly colored abstract spiral designs, to elaborate effigy vessels depicting human heads, animals, and hunters and their prey. Pottery made by the Nodena people was built up from strips of clay, and then smoothed out by the potter, much like other pottery in the Eastern America area where the potters wheel was unknown. Slips using galena for white, hematite for red, and sometimes graphite for black were used to paint the pottery, with a red on white swastika design being particularly popular. Sometimes incising was used (an example is the incised raptor image on the effigy head pot pictured), although it is rare in Nodena pottery.</p><br>
<h3>Head deformation</h3><br>
<p>The people of the Nodena phase practiced artificial cranial deformation or head flattening. Shortly after infants were born, they were strapped to a special carrier which deformed their skulls as they grew. Many of the skeletal remains found at the Nodena Site had deformed skulls, of the type defined as fronto-occipital deformation, flattening of the forehead and the back of the head. Of 123 skulls found by Dr. Hampson, only six could be considered "normal", meaning they did not show the signs of head deformation. The functioning of the brain is not affected by cranial deformation, but the overall shape of the skull bones are. This practice was performed by many Native American tribes into historic times, including the Choctaw, although it later fell out of favor.</p><br>
<h3>Agriculture and Food</h3><br>
<p>The people of Nodena were intensely involved in maize agriculture, as well as other food crops originating in the Americas, such as beans, squash, sunflowers and gourds. They also gathered wild foodstuffs such as pecans and persimmons. The de Soto choroniclers described the area as being under heavy cultivation, and the most populous they had seen in La Florida. The Spaniards described groves of wild fruit and nut bearing trees, implying that the Nodena must have left them standing when clearing other trees for the cultivation of maize. The hunting of whitetail deer, squirrel, rabbit, turkey, and mallard was practiced as well as fishing for alligator gar, catfish, drum, and mussels.</p><br>
<h3>Language</h3><br>
<p>The peoples of Nodena were probably Tunican or Siouan speaking. It is known that the Tunica were in the area at the time of the de Soto Entrada, and the related group of phases present in the region may have all been Tunican speakers, with Caddoan speakers to their west and south. But by the time of later European contact in the 1670s and the beginning of the historic period, the area was occupied by the Dhegiha Siouan speaking Quapaw. Attempts have been made to connect pottery styles and words from the de Soto narratives with historic tribes, but have so far been unsuccessful.</p><br>
<h2>Dr. James K. Hampson</h2><br>
<p>The museum for the Nodena Site is named after Dr. James K. Hampson (1877&ndash;1956), owner of the Hampson Plantation on which the Nodena site is located, and the first archaeologist to excavate and preserve the artifacts from the Nodena site and to document the discovery.</p><br>
<p>The Hampson Museum State Park in Wilson, Arkansas exhibits an archeological collection of early American aboriginal artifacts from the Nodena Site. Cultivation of crops, hunting, social life, religion and politics of that ancient civilization are topics of the exhibition. Stone and shell artifacts as well as pottery are on display to illustrate the culture of the Nodena people.</p><br>
<h2>Prehistoric Mastodon skeleton</h2><br>
<p>Mastodons are members of the prehistoric, extinct genus Mammut, they resemble modern elephants. Native to North America they are said to have lived on the North American continent from almost 4 million years ago until their eventual disappearance about 10,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>In 1900, archaeologist Dr. James K. Hampson documented the find of skeletal remains of a mastodon on Island No. 35 of the Mississippi River, 2 mi south of the Nodena site and 23 mi south of Blytheville, Arkansas. In 1957 the site was reported as destroyed.</p><br>
<p>The Abbott Street School is a historic school building at 36 Abbott Street in Worcester, Massachusetts. Built in 1894, it is a good local example of Romanesque Revival architecture. It served as a public school until 1981, after which it was converted to residential use. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Abbott Street School is located west of downtown Worcester, on the west side of Abbott Street between Pleasant and Chandler Streets. It is a 2-1/2 story brick building with a hip roof and Romanesque Revival styling. Its most prominent feature is a projecting central turret, topped by a conical roof. It has a dentillated cornice, and round-arch windows on the second floor of the turret. Windows have rusticated granite sills, and there is a wide stone water table between the basement and ground floors. The main entrances flank the turret on either side, projecting slightly from the main block and recessed under round-arch openings with a granite keystone. A two-story addition extends to the rear.</p><br>
<p>The school was designed by Boston architect William Forbush and built in 1894. Stylistically it is similar to the 1891 Downing Street School, also designed by Forbush, but with less elaborate trim. It was built by B.C. Jacques at a cost of $20,000. In 1905-06 it was enlarged, with a sympathetic design by Worcester builder J. William Patston. The city operated the school until 1981, after which it was converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>Hugo Lake is manmade lake located 7 mi east of Hugo, in Choctaw County, Oklahoma, United States. It is formed by Hugo Lake Dam on the Kiamichi River 18 mi upstream from the Red River. The dam is visible from USA Route 70, which crosses its spillway just west of Sawyer. Lake Hugo features approximately 110 mi of shoreline and covers over 13,250 acre, or 20 square miles. Its normal pool elevation is 404.5 ft above sea level and its normal storage capacity is 157,600 acre.ft. At flood stage its elevation is at 437.5 ft above sea level and it is capable of storing 966,700 acre.ft of flood waters. The lake&#39;s primary functions are to provide flood control, water storage, and recreational opportunities.</p><br>
<p>The nearest major cities to Lake Hugo are Fort Smith, Arkansas (101 miles), Dallas, Texas (114 miles) and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma(151 miles).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1946 and Flood Control Act of 1962 construction on the dam began in October 1967. The US Army Corps of Engineers completed the project in January 1974 at a cost of approximately $37,000,000.</p><br>
<p>The US Army Corps of Engineers established Kiamichi Park on the lake just west of the dam site in 1974. The park was cut in half part of it still belonging to the US Army Corps of Engineers and the other was leased to the State in 2002 it was renamed Hugo Lake State Park. The park currently covers 289 acre.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The south 8,000 acre of the lake nearest to the dam are clear of obstructions and provide recreational opportunities for watersports such as boating and water skiing. The state park provides cabins, hiking trails, and a 56-slip marina.</p><br>
<p>The north end of the lake is not cleared and contains dead tree stumps in the water. These stumps provide cover for the fish and ideal conditions for anglers. Hugo Lake features excellent crappie fishing and populations of bass and catfish.</p><br>
<p>In addition fishing there is also hunting and animal trapping at Hugo Lake. The Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation administers 18,000 acre at the lake, and the US Army Corps of Engineers manage 8,000. These areas are home to white tail deer, waterfowl, mink, fox, and beaver.</p><br>
<h2>Controversy over water sales</h2><br>
<p>In recent years Hugo Lake has been in the middle of a controversy regarding out-of-state water sales between Texas and Oklahoma. The city of Hugo had sought to sell water to the growing suburbs of Dallas that need new sources of water to pay debts related to the lake. Irving, Texas has entered negotiations with the Hugo to obtain a supply of fresh water by building a pipeline and purchasing excess water from Hugo Lake. In 2002 the Oklahoma state legislature passed a moratorium on water sales outside the state. Hugo sued the state in federal court citing that the state&#39;s moratorium is unconstitutional.</p><br>
<h2>Hugo Lake State Park</h2><br>
<p>On Hugo Lake the Hugo Lake State Park offers boating and fishing opportunities. The park offers 16 two bedroom resort cabins, 10 primitive cabins, a 56-slip full service marina with store, pavilions, picnic sites with grills and tables, and pontoon boat rentals. Hiking, biking, and nature trails are also on site. Tent camping is also available.</p><br>
<p>The Gordon Splits is a notable section of gorges of the Gordon River, located in South West Tasmania, Australia. The once impassable gorges are situated on the lower Gordon River in the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park, part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area. The splits has also been an important location of focus within the larger environmental campaign for wilderness preservation in South West Tasmania.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>The earlier works of Charles Whitham and others suggested that the river went underground at some point. It was not until in 1928 that three piners (J.Hadmar Sticht, G.W. Harrison and Charles Abel) were described as having passed through them in March of that year.</p><br>
<p>It was reported in the Mercury newspaper of 12 April 1928 under the title The Gordon River - Exploration of the Splits - Showplace of Tasmania - Sprent Falls alone worth the trip.</p><br>
<p>The section of river is very difficult to access and apart from Olegas Truchanas, Les Southwell and Peter Dombrovskis - few others are known to have successfully traversed the section in the time of European presence in Tasmania. Following the initial journey by Truchanas in 1954 and the complete journey in 1958 through the splits, the photographs taken by Truchanas were destroyed in the 1967 Tasmanian fires. Southwell and others in the 1970s tended to free float on an inflatable water mattress through the splits to alleviate some of the issues arising from using fixed structure boats travelling through.</p><br>
<p>Photographs by Truchanas, Les Southwell, and Dombrovskis show the steep narrow nature of the splits dramatically in their photographs. More recent aerial photographs can be found like Joe Shemesh&#39;s in the Huon Pine book of Kerr and McDermott.</p><br>
<h2>Later description</h2><br>
<p>Geraldine Brooks wrote a piece in the National Times of 24–30 May 1981 which Peter Thompson quoted in his Power in Tasmania as an evocative overview of the splits and their context.</p><br>
<p>The Splits are a geological phenomenon. Six hundred million years ago, the powerful waters of the Gordon River wore a deep erosion slot through a rugged spine of quartzite. The river runs across the grain of the countryside, instead of following it. The result is rare and spectacular.</p><br>
<p>From the air, the Splits seem to grasp the Gordon River like giant rocky pincers, squeezing its wide flow into narrow strips of deep water about 100 metres long.</p><br>
<p>From the river bank below them, they appear like pieces of a giant&#39;s unsolved jigsaw, crggy masses and voids of sparkling quartzite, frozen a few metres apart, never quite meshing in the first Split, the rock rises vertically for about 100 metres before it merges with the gentler mountainside</p><br>
<p>The Arthur River is located in the south-west of Western Australia. The river was named by Governor James Stirling in October 1835 after Arthur Trimmer, who was a member of the exploring expedition led by Stirling. Trimmer arrived in Western Australia in April 1831 and selected land at York. In 1836 he married Mary Ann, one of King George Sound Government Resident Sir Richard Spencer&#39;s daughters.</p><br>
<p>The headwaters of the Arthur River is located about 30 km north of Wagin in the Arthur River Nature Reserve near the small settlement of Arthur River on Albany Highway.</p><br>
<p>The longest tributary of Arthur River is Beaufort River but other tributaries include Hillman River, Kojonup Brook, Narrogin Brook and Yilliminning River.</p><br>
<p>The river flows in a generally south-westerly direction until it meets with the Balgarup River to form the Blackwood River.</p><br>
<p>The river flooded in 1895 following heavy rains when the swollen river rose swiftly causing several near drownings among the settlers who lived along the banks at the township of Arthur River. The bridge near Piesseville was left underwater following heavy rains near Wagin cause the river the rise downstream. More flooding occurred in 1939 rendering the bridge at Arthur River impassable and closing it for two days while repair crews worked to make the bridge usable again.</p><br>
<p>Raymont Lodge  is a heritage-listed mansion used as a student residential college at 45 Cadell Street, Auchenflower, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It shares its grounds with the Trinity Theological College, Brisbane College of Theology and the Queensland Synod of the Uniting Church in Australia. It was designed by architect Claude William Chambers and built from to. It is also known as Drysllwyn. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This large, two-storeyed brick residence was built circa 1904-1905 for mining entrepreneur William Davies. Around the turn of the century Davies, who had been involved in the gold industry in Gympie, moved to Brisbane, and in 1903 he purchased the Auchenflower site.</p><br>
<p>Architect Claude Chambers whose Brisbane work spanned fifty years (1885-1935) won a competition to design the residence known as Drysliwyn. The building was large and spacious, and the main interior spaces were richly decorated. The ground floor contained dining, breakfast and drawing rooms, library, kitchen, bathroom laundry and storerooms. On the first floor were located a main bedroom with dressing room and bathroom, two other bedrooms, another bathroom, a visitors room, and servants bedroom. Verandahs on two levels enclosed the building on three sides. The grounds contained a formal garden.</p><br>
<p>During the 1930s part of the property was subdivided for residential development. The Davies family resided at Drysllwyn until February 1942, when it was leased to the Presbyterian and Methodist Schools Association for use by Somerville House as a day school. Somerville House had been forced to vacate temporarily their property at South Brisbane for use as administrative headquarters for the United States Army.</p><br>
<p>In 1944-1945 the property was acquired by the Methodist Church (subsequently amalgamated into the Uniting Church in Australia), and converted into a hostel for country girls studying in Brisbane. The hostel was opened in August 1945 and the building renamed Raymont Lodge, in honour of Mrs E Raymont who had made a substantial bequest to the Methodist Church.</p><br>
<p>The hostel was run under the auspices of the Central Methodist Mission. A parsonage for the Superintendent of the Central Methodist Mission was erected in the western corner of the property facing Cadell Street. By the 1960s a new dormitory wing had been added to house both male and female students.</p><br>
<p>During the 1980s major changes occurred on the site with the Uniting Church relocating its state headquarters and Trinity Theological College in the grounds. A three-storey brick office building was erected at the rear of Drysllwyn and facing Bayliss Street. As well, a new residential building was built to promote accommodation for tertiary students. Conservation work was undertaken on Drysllwyn during this period.</p><br>
<p>Drysllwyn provides office space, meeting rooms and a student common room for the Trinity Theological College.</p><br>
<h2>Present use</h2><br>
<p>Raymont College currently hosts accommodation for up to 120 university students. Due to its location, many of these students attend the University of Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, the Queensland Conservatorium of Music, Queensland College of Art and Southbank TAFE. Richard Niessl is the current principal of the college.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Situated on the crest of a rise overlooking Auchenflower, Raymont Lodge is a large, two-storeyed red brick residence built in the Federation style. The building has a half-gabled roof of broad profile, rolled edge iron sheeting with a projecting hipped bay to the northeast and southeast, a pedimented entry porch to the northwest and elaborately detailed chimneys.</p><br>
<p>The building has deep verandahs with arched masonry arcades and timber balustrade to the north, east and west. The entry porch is approached via a wide flight of steps and has paired columns to the first floor supporting the pediment. French doors with fanlights and step-out sash windows open onto the verandahs. The timber panelled main entry door is set in a large arched brick opening with stained glass fanlight and sidelights. A bathroom opening off the southeast verandah has a similarly elaborate doorway.</p><br>
<p>The interior features decorative stained glass, ornate plaster mouldings and finely detailed cedar staircases, joinery, panelling and fireplace surrounds.</p><br>
<p>The building is approached via a paved drive and turning circle from the northwest, with most of the recently constructed buildings being located to the north, east and south of the building leaving the Cadell Street aspect intact. The grounds contain a number of mature trees, with an inground concrete swimming pool to the northwest.</p><br>
<p>Although much of the site has been subdivided and sold for suburban housing, remnants of the original landscaping survive, as does a section of masonry perimeter fence, with iron entrance gates, which extends to the corner of Cadell Street and Park Avenue, returning along the latter.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listings</h2><br>
<p>Raymont Lodge was listed on the Register of the National Estate on 25 March 1986.</p><br>
<p>Raymont Lodge was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Raymont Lodge is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a substantial federation style residence.</p><br>
<p>Raymont Lodge is important in exhibiting aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, in particular, the quality and craftsmanship of its main interior spaces and the streetscape contribution of the building and grounds.</p><br>
<p>Raymont Lodge has a special association with the life of mining entrepreneur William Davies, the domestic work of architect Claude Chambers and the benevolent work of the Methodist Church.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Raymont Lodge is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a substantial federation style residence.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Raymont Lodge is important in exhibiting aesthetic characteristics valued by the community, in particular, the quality and craftsmanship of its main interior spaces and the streetscape contribution of the building and grounds.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>Raymont Lodge has a special association with the life of mining entrepreneur William Davies, the domestic work of architect Claude Chambers and the benevolent work of the Methodist Church.</p><br>
<p>Mynydd y Dref  or Conwy Mountain is a hilly area to the west of the town of Conwy, in North Wales. To the north it overlooks the sea of Conwy Bay, and to the south lie the foothills of the Carneddau range of mountains, of which it forms a part. Mynydd y Dref is the remains of an ancient volcano that erupted about 450 million years ago.</p><br>
<p>At the summit of Conwy Mountain are the Neolithic Hut Circles and the Iron Age hillfort of Castell Caer Seion (sometimes called Castell Caer Lleion). Castell Caer Seion comprised a stone walled fort, and remains show this to have been an extensive site, incorporated more than 50 hut circles and levelled platform houses, and with a citadel and outposts.</p><br>
<p>Limited excavations were undertaken in 1951. No datable remains were found, only slingstones, querns and stone pestles and mortars, which suggests that, unlike many hillforts in north Wales, this site was not reoccupied in the late Roman period.</p><br>
<p>Millstones were quarried on Conwy Mountain during the Napoleonic wars.</p><br>
<p>Tracks and footpaths cross Conwy Mountain, and many walks, which can be accessed from Sychnant Pass at its western end.</p><br>
<p>The route along Conwy Mountain comprises a section of the North Wales Path, a way-marked long distance walk of some 60 miles which runs close to the North Wales coast between Prestatyn in the east and Bangor in the west.</p><br>
<p>Yangjaecheon is a stream that flows through the city of Seoul, South Korea. It runs through Gangnam , which is part of the southern half of the city. Yangjaecheon is a greenway stretching five and a half kilometres from Gwanaksan in Gyeonggi into Seoul through Seocho District, Gangnam District, Songpa District until it runs into the Tancheon.</p><br>
<p>The stream is recessed with major and minor roads crossing above it on bridges and multiple parallel bike and pedestrian trails flanking it on tiered ledges. Public exercise equipment is provided along the stream, as well as benches and a variety of flowers. 3.75km of the stream was appointed as Seoul Future heritage.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The stream flows from Gyeonggi Province into Seoul through different districts. It is total 15.6km. The course is shown below.</p><br>
<p>Gwacheon; It supervises 8.4km of the total stream.</p><br>
<p>Seoul</p><br>
<p>Tancheon</p><br>
<h2>The Biosystem of Yangjaecheon</h2><br>
<p>There are 174 species of plants, 42 species of birds, 20 species of fish, 6 species of mammals, 6 kinds of amphibians and reptiles in the Yangjaecheon flowing in the center of the city. Yangjae Stream revived the naturalness of the river by applying the natural method with the goal of restoring Yangjaecheon ecosystem. Yangjaecheon Ecological Park has restored the riverside slope to create a resting and walking space. Concrete revetments were removed and new revetments were constructed using megaliths, trees, grasses and natural materials. These vegetation revetments are safe for floods, and they control the water temperature by creating shade in the riverside. Yanghaecheon provide fish and algae habitats to help maintain the food chain of aquatic ecosystems. It also precipitates and absorbs water and pollutants, easing eutrophication of the material.</p><br>
<h2>Tales Related to Yangjaecheon</h2><br>
<p>Yangjaecheon has a tale related to Guryongsan. Guryongsan has nine valleys, nine peaks, and nine wells. The name of ‘Guryong’ is based on nine dragons. The highest peak of nine peaks of Guryong Mountain is called Guksoobong, which means ‘a mountain peak that protects the country.’</p><br>
<p>There is a story related to Guryongsan. According to the tale, the mountain originally had ten valleys, each dragon in one valley. They had to ascend to the sky, but one was late to ascend and was seen by a person, and couldn’t ascend. By the means of good conduct for people, he had to be a stream for people to drink and farm. The stream made people wealthier and happier, which was why this stream was later named ‘Yangjaecheon.’ Yangjae is a word written in Chinese characters, which is translated as a group of talented people.</p><br>
<h2>Yangjaecheon’s Development</h2><br>
<p>The Yangjaecheon was originally the first tributary of the Han River, which was originally flowed directly in the Han River. However, it was an artificially created river and watershed flow in Tancheon which made because of the development of Han River and its vicinity. In the 1970s, the land consolidation project in the Gaepo-dong area polluted Yangjaecheon by the intensification. After that, the pollution became much worse with the rapid increase of the population. In order to improve the ecological environment of Yangjaecheon, natural river system was applied for the first time in urban river. From 1995 to 2000, it was restored to water quality of more than 2 grade by removing concrete from both shore for and constructing vegetation shore, water purification facility, bicycle road and eco experience center. It was restored as a natural ecological river where people can live together. As a result of these efforts, it was selected by the Ministry of Environment in 2005 as an excellent ecological restoration river.</p><br>
<h2>Geographical Location of Yangjaecheon</h2><br>
<p>Yangjaecheon starts from Gwanaksan(mountain) in Gwacheon. It flows through Gwacheon street and joins with Makgyecheon. In Seocho District, it joins with Yeouicheon. Makgyecheon and Yeouicheon is a small stream that starts from Cheonggyesan. Finally, it flows through Gangnam District and runs into Tancheon. The total length of Yangjaecheon is 15.6km. Gwacheon manages 8.4km, Seocho District manages 3.7km, and Gangnam District manages 3.5km. The average width of Yangjaecheon is 6~13m.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities of Yangjaecheon</h2><br>
<p>Bridges:</p><br>
<p>Gwan-agg Bridge; 관악교</p><br>
<p>Gwanmun Bridge; 관문교</p><br>
<p>Byeol-yang Bridge; 별양교</p><br>
<p>Bulim 1 Bridge; 부림 1교</p><br>
<p>Bulim Bridge 2; 부림 2교</p><br>
<p>Gwacheon Bridge; 과천교</p><br>
<p>Yangjaecheon Bridge; 양재천교</p><br>
<p>Juam Bridge; 주암교</p><br>
<p>Umyeong Bridge; 우면교</p><br>
<p>Yeongdong Bridge 1; 영동 1교</p><br>
<p>Yeongdong Bridge 2; 영동 2교</p><br>
<p>Yeongdong Bridge 3; 영동 3교</p><br>
<p>Yeongdong Bridge 4; 영동 4교</p><br>
<p>Yeongdong Bridge 5; 영동 5교</p><br>
<p>Yeongdong Bridge 6; 영동 6교</p><br>
<p>Daechi Bridge; 대치교</p><br>
<p>Wetlands in Yangjaecheon</p><br>
<p>Rice Farming Field: It is opened for urban students and citizens. While agricultural off-season, it is used as ice sled field.</p><br>
<p>Swimming pool: There are two swimming pools; one is located near Yeongdong bridge 3, and the other is located between Yeongdong bridge 4 and 5, near dogok station.</p><br>
<p>Water purification facility: It is located between Yeongdong Bridge 2 and 3. It uses Gravel contact oxidation to maintain the BOD 1~3ppm.It can purify 32,000m2 per days.</p><br>
<p>Veerplas is an artificial lake directly east of the Dutch city of Haarlem. It was dug in 1994, mainly for recreation purposes and forms part of the Spaarnwoude recreational area.</p><br>
<p>The lake measures 450 by 400 metres. The southern shore is formed by a constructed wetland used for water purification. Large numbers of waterfowl may be found here and along the swampy eastern shore during the winter season (e.g. greylag geese, wigeons, common goldeneyes). The local angling club has released carps into the lake. A sandy beach measuring some 300 m was created at the western shore. An area sufficiently shallow to accommodate safe swimming by inexperienced bathers is cordoned off. Furthermore, a grassy sunbathing area sporting a public toilet adjoins the lake, as well as a children&#39;s adventure playground. The lake is only a short walking distance from Haarlem Spaarnwoude railway station and relatively close to the A200 and A9 motorways. This favourable location has helped to make it a popular area for organising mid to large-scale events. Thus, 2006 saw the Circus Herman Renz pitch its tent alongside the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Future development of the Veerplas area</h2><br>
<p>The municipality of Haarlems Spoorzone masterplan provides for the construction of 260 houses along the Veerplass western shore. The construction of a recreation center accommodating sports activities, nature education and catering is also planned.</p><br>
<p>Bennington Battlefield State Historic Site is the Rensselaer County, New York, location where the Battle of Bennington occurred on the 16th of August 1777. Here, New Hampshire, Vermont and Massachusetts militia under General John Stark rebuffed a British attempt led by Colonel Friedrich Baum to capture American stores. The American victory cut off supplies to British General John Burgoyne as he made his push toward Albany, New York and set the stage for his subsequent surrender at Saratoga. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1961</p><br>
<p>and was added to the National Register of Historic Places when the register was created in 1966.</p><br>
<p>It is located on NY 67 in Walloomsac, New York, and is owned by New York State and private owners.</p><br>
<p>Although the battle took place at this site entirely within New York State, the Bennington Monument, about 10 mi away in Vermont, also commemorates the Battle of Bennington.</p><br>
<p>Ulawa Island is an island in the Solomon Islands. It is located near Malaita Island and belongs to Makira Ulawa Province.</p><br>
<p>The island has an area of 65.92 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>A hilly island, its highest point is 181 m above sea level. Average temperatures are around 27 °C year-round, and the island receives an annual average rainfall of some 2,800 mm.</p><br>
<p>A dialect of the Sa&#39;a language is spoken on Ulawa.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First recorded sighting by Europeans was by the Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Mendaña in May 1568. More precisely the sighting and also landing in Ulawa was due to a local voyage done by a small boat, in the accounts the brigantine Santiago, commanded by Alférez Hernando Enríquez and having Hernán Gallego as pilot. They charted it as La Treguada and reported that the name given to it by the natives was Uraba.</p><br>
<p>Utupua Island is an island in the Santa Cruz Islands, located 66 km to the Southeast of the main Santa Cruz group, between Vanikoro and Santa Cruz proper. This island belongs administratively to the Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands.</p><br>
<p>Utupua is a high island surrounded by a coral reef. Its land surface is 69.0 km&sup2; and its highest point 380 m.</p><br>
<p>Utupua has a population of 848 inhabitants (1999 census) scattered in small villages. The main villages in the island are: Avita, Malombo, Tanimbili, Apakho and Nembao.</p><br>
<h2>Languages</h2><br>
<p>Three Oceanic languages are spoken on Utupua:</p><br>
<p>*Amba, or Nembao</p><br>
<p>*Asumboa, or Asubuo</p><br>
<p>*Tanimbili, or Tanibili</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>First sighting by Europeans was in September 1595 by the second Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Mendaña. More precisely it was sighted by Lorenzo Barreto while in command of one of the smaller vessels on a local voyage round the then called Santa Cruz, which is today&#39;s Nendo Island.</p><br>
<p>The Verizon Building &ndash; previously known as the Barclay-Vesey Building and the New York Telephone Company Building &ndash; is a 32-story building located at 140 West Street between Barclay and Vesey Streets, going through to Washington Street, in the TriBeCa neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The building was constructed from 1923 to 1927, and was designed in the Art Deco style by Ralph Walker of the firm McKenzie, Voorhees & Gmelin. The building is adjacent to the World Trade Center site and 7 World Trade Center, and it experienced major damage in the September 11, 2001 attacks. Its thick masonry exterior and use of masonry to protect steel columns and structural elements helped the building withstand the attacks. Restoration of the building after the attacks took three years, at a cost of $1.4 billion.</p><br>
<p>The building, which has been called "one of the most significant structures in skyscraper design",</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The interior of the building includes 1,200,000 ft&sup2;. The lobby features veined marble walls, travertine floors with inlaid bronze medallions, and other ornate decor, including ceiling murals that depict how human communication has progressed, from Aztec runners to the telephone.</p><br>
<p>The Verizon Building has five sub-basement levels, which house communications equipment. The building remained in use by Verizon as a main telecommunications switching center in Lower Manhattan, handling approximately 200,000 phone lines and 3.6 million data circuits prior to 9/11.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>The building was designed by Ralph Walker of McKenzie, Voorhees & Gmelin Architects; construction began in 1923. The building is 498 ft (152 m) tall and 32 stories. Construction was completed in 1927, and the building was known at that time as the Barclay-Vesey Building. It served as the headquarters for the New York Telephone Company, which commissioned it. When NYNEX was formed as a result of the breakup of the original AT&T, the building became NYNEXs headquarters. It became the headquarters of Bell Atlantic following Bell Atlantics merger with NYNEX, and was retained as Verizon&#39;s headquarters after Verizon was formed from the merger of Bell Atlantic and GTE until 2013, when Verizon sold the upper 21 floors of the building to a redeveloper who plans to convert the upper floors into residences; Verizon relocated to midtown at 1095 Avenue of the Americas.</p><br>
<p>Architects and historians widely consider the Verizon Building as the first Art Deco skyscraper. It was among the first skyscrapers designed under the 1916 Zoning Resolution, using the step back principle which became a key element of art deco design. Architectonically, the building has been compared to San Antonio&#39;s Milam Building, the largest pre-stressed concrete and brick office building and the first to have an integrated designed-in air conditioning system.</p><br>
<h3>September 11 attacks</h3><br>
<p>The south and east facades of the Verizon Building were heavily damaged in the September 11 attacks, from the collapse of the adjacent 7 World Trade Center, as well as the collapse of the Twin Towers. No fires were observed in the building on September 11.</p><br>
<p>The buildings older design utilizes thick masonry and gives the building added strength, which helped the building withstand the attacks and remain structurally sound. The building has thick, heavy masonry in the exterior infill walls, which encloses the buildings steel frame. Brick, cinder, concrete and other masonry materials encase interior steel columns, beams, girders and other structural elements. The masonry allowed the structure to absorb much of the energy from debris hitting the building. Nonetheless, the building had extensive damage to its east and south facades. Underground cable vaults belonging to Verizon, along with other underground utility infrastructure were also heavily damaged from water and debris.</p><br>
<p>FEMA - 5399 - Photograph by Andrea Booher taken on 09-28-2001 in New York.jpgFederal Emergency Management Agency photograph from September 28, 2001</p><br>
<p>Verizon building damage2.jpgPiece of framing from 7 World Trade Center up against the damaged Verizon Building</p><br>
<p>Verizon building damage.jpgDamage to the 210 Washington Street (east) face of the Verizon Building and debris from the collapse of 7 World Trade Center</p><br>
<h3>Restoration and renovation</h3><br>
<p>Tishman Realty & Construction, which had been planning work on the building prior to the attacks, did a quick assessment of the building in the days after the attack.</p><br>
<p>The Excalibur Bronze Foundry and Petrillo Stone were hired as specialists for restoring intricate ornamental detail in the facade and in the lobby. This part of the restoration accounted for a significant portion of restoration costs. For the murals in the lobby, hypodermic needles were used to inject acrylic resin to restore the paint and plaster.</p><br>
<p>On the executive office floors, barrel-vaulted ceilings were restored, restoring plaster friezes, and other work.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, the New York Landmarks Conservancy awarded Tishman Interiors the Lucy G. Moses Preservation Award for its restoration work on the Verizon Building. By late 2005, the restoration was complete and in December, Verizon, announced it would move its headquarters from midtown Manhattan into the downtown building which had space for 1,500 employees. The building also continues to serve as a telephone switching center.</p><br>
<p>The building, which had been designated a New York City Landmark in 1999, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The building was partially flooded by storm surge from Hurricane Sandy in 2012.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the top 22 floors of the 32-story building were purchased by developer Ben Shaoul for conversion to condominiums known as One Hundred Barclay. Verizon owns and operates office and telecommunications space, including the switching center serving telecommunications circuit and Fios customers for much of Lower Manhattan.</p><br>
<p>Gragareth is a mountain in Lancashire, England. At 628 m it is claimed to be the highest point in Lancashire. The summit of Gragareth lies about 200m west of the boundary between Lancashire and North Yorkshire, but lies inside the 2016 border of Yorkshire Dales National Park. The south eastern slopes are known as Leck Fell and the southern slopes form Ireby Fell.</p><br>
<p>The summit has a trig point and extensive views towards Morecambe Bay, the Lake District fells, the Howgill Fells, Ingleborough and the Forest of Bowland. The county boundary wall running along the ridge is believed to be "one of the highest dry stone walls in the country."</p><br>
<p>Historically it formed the boundary between the West Riding of Yorkshire and Westmorland. The Three Men of Gragareth are a group of tall cairns on the western side of the hill above Leck Fell House.</p><br>
<p>The fell contains several caves including Lost John&#39;s Cave, Rumbling Hole and Ireby Fell Cavern.</p><br>
<p>Wainwright includes "The ascent of Gragareth via Leck Fell returning via Ireby Fell" in his Walks in Limestone Country.</p><br>
<p>His route begins at Ireby village, following a lane from Todgill Farm on the Leck road to the tarmac road which leads to Leck Fell House, then "a steep scramble" up past the Three Men. His descent route is down a long enclosure formed by the county boundary to the east and the almost-parallel boundary between Leck and Ireby parishes, dropping down Ireby Fell past the opening of Ireby Fell Cavern, to return to Ireby.</p><br>
<p>Glen Echo is a neighborhood located in the far northern part of the University District in Columbus, Ohio. The area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. The name Glen Echo refers to Glen Echo Ravine, which runs along the northern edge of the neighborhood. Principal streets in the area are Glen Echo Drive, Summit Street, Glenmawr Avenue, North Forth Street, Arcadia, Cliffside Drive, and more. One street, Parkview Drive, was platted in the ravine basin, but was later abandoned.</p><br>
<p>The district originated in 1909 when the Columbus Real Estate and Improvement Company platted 47 acre as "Indianola Park View" for a planned residential subdivision and a part of the Glen Echo Ravine was delineated as a park, the first such donation to the city of Columbus by a real estate developer. The wooded Glen Echo Ravine significantly influenced the original layout, design, and overall character of the district. The neighborhood&#39;s developer was also involved with the development of Walhalla Ravine and Eastgate. Prior to its development, the area was considered for a major hospital; however, those plans were abandoned.</p><br>
<p>A 1909 Ohio State publication described the new north side park as a place of beauty where large oak and elm trees shaded a wading pond, five small lakes connected by a single stream, rustic benches, foot bridges and springs lined with cobblestones. Glen Echo&#39;s picturesque environs hosted picnic dinners, equestrians and motorists who enjoyed this oasis of greenery. In 1910 the development was annexed to the City of Columbus and in 1912 Glen Echo Park was dedicated to the city.</p><br>
<p>Most of the homes in the Glen Echo neighborhood were built between 1909 and 1943 and include American Craftsman style bungalows, Shingle Style, Tudor Revival and Colonial Revival, many with front and/or sleeping porches. Most homes, however are not "high style" structures, and would be classified as either traditional American Foursquare or American Vernacular in style. The homes are a mix of single and double units with a high home-owner occupancy rate. Grassy boulevards are features of Glenmawr Avenue and North Fourth Street; these elliptical islands are classified as parks with the Columbus Department of Recreation. Stone stanchions and street furniture are a hallmark of Glenmawr Avenue. The 1997 listing of the neighborhood on the National Register of Historic Places was made based on the neighborhood&#39;s overall fabric as a middle class development, rather than as a collection of high style architecture.</p><br>
<p>Homes in the neighborhood are kept in good repair. Residents have attempted to distance themselves from the now defunct Glen Echo South Civic Association. A move by some residents put the question of the neighborhood&#39;s leaving the University District up for discussion; however, the city of Columbus does not have a mechanism for detaching neighborhoods from one area Commission and reattaching that area to another commission. The neighborhood is currently working on creating an active civic association (Glen Echo Neighbors Civic Association or GENCA). Monthly GENCA governance meetings open to the public are held at 4pm on the Second Saturday of every month at the Glen Echo Presbyterian Church on Cliffside Drive.</p><br>
<p>The three interpretive signs located in Glen Echo Park along the vacated Parkview Drive provide walkers with insights into the history of the park.</p><br>
<p>Each year, Glen Echo Neighborhood is featured on Columbus Landmarks Foundation Walking Tour.</p><br>
<p>Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary is a famous 481 km² located in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh and Protected area in Thiruvallur District of Tamil Nadu state in South India. Pulicat Lake is the second largest brackish-water eco-system in India after Chilka lake in Orissa. International name: Pulicat Lake Wildlife Sanctuary, IBA Code: IN261, Criteria: A1, A4iii.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Central location is: . 327.33 km² is managed by the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department and 153.67 km² is managed by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department. 108 km² is National Park area. Rainfall ranges from 800 - 2000mm. Temperature varies from 14 °C to 33 °C. Altitude ranges from 100’ MSL to 1200’ MSL.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The sanctuary is most noted for the many greater flamingos seen here. The biodiversity of this lake attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors per year.</p><br>
<h2>Threats</h2><br>
<p>Pulicat Lake may disappear within 100 years by being filled up with silt.Raj,P. J. Sanjeeva. http://www.nbaindia.org/docs/bulletin6-pulicatlake.pdf MACRO FAUNA OF PULICAT LAKE, National Biodiversity Authority</p><br>
<p>Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. (2006) Government and private NGO efforts are working to halt lake destruction.</p><br>
<p>Lemuy Island is an island in Chiloé Archipelago, Chile, off the eastern coast of Chiloé Island.</p><br>
<p>There are nine villages on the island.</p><br>
<p>On the north coast:</p><br>
<p>Puqueldón</p><br>
<p>Aldachildo</p><br>
<p>Ichuac</p><br>
<p>On the south coast:</p><br>
<p>Chulchuy. From here the ferry leaves for Huicha on Chiloé Island.</p><br>
<p>Lincay, with a wooden church dating from the beginning of the 20th century</p><br>
<p>Liucura, with a wooden church which was built in the middle of the 19th century</p><br>
<p>On the east coast:</p><br>
<p>Detif</p><br>
<p>Puchilco. In the wooden church dating from the 19th century there are paintings by the Peruvian artist Miguel Gamarra</p><br>
<p>In the middle of the island:</p><br>
<p>San Agustín, the only village which is not on the coast. The wooden church was built at the beginning of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>As in the rest of the archipelago, the population of Lemuy Island were inspired by a deep religious faith and built 8 churches, each special in its own way. Some, like Ichuac, Aldachildo and Detif are more than 100 years old and have recently been declared World Heritage Sites, along with 15 other Chilote churches. Some have picturesque cemeteries with little shingled mausoleums.</p><br>
<p>Komara  is a village in the northwestern part of the Evros regional unit in northern Greece. Komara is in the municipal unit of Trigono. Its population was 628 in 2011. Komara is situated on the left  bank of the river Arda, near the border with Bulgaria. It is 2 km north of Kyprinos, the nearest larger village. It is 20 km south of the Bulgarian town Svilengrad, 27 km northwest of Orestiada and 29 km west of the Turkish city Edirne.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Komara was founded by the Ottomans between 1780 and 1790. Greeks from Adrianople (Edirne), Ortaköy and Northern Thrace were employed in the manor. The name "Komara" comes from the Turkish phrase (kum aresi) which means "between the sands" in English. The residents came from Epirus, Ortaköy, Svilengrad and Kırklareli. In 1885, 45 to 50 families lived in the village, and a school was constructed. After a brief period of Bulgarian rule between 1913 and 1919, it became part of Greece. As a result, its Bulgarian and Turkish population was exchanged with Greek refugees, mainly from today&#39;s Turkey. After Komara was devastated by the floods of Arda in 1931, its inhabitants relocated to a higher location, 1 km north of the original village. In 1997 under the Kapodistrias reform, the community of Komara became part of the new municipality of Trigono with 16 other former communities. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Orestiada, of which it is a community.</p><br>
<p>Southern Yatsugatake Volcanic Group, also just Yatsugatake is a volcanic group of inactive volcanoes located on the border of Nagano Prefecture and Yamanashi Prefecture on Honshū in Japan.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Southern Yatsugatake Volcanic Group is part of the Yatsugatake Mountains. The southern group is defined as the mountains south of the Natsuzawa Pass. The highest peak of the mountains is Mount Aka and the elevation is 2,899 metres.</p><br>
<p>The southern Yatugatake mountains are steep and have alpine characteristics. The mountains of the Northern Yatsugatake Volcanic Group are gentler and lower.</p><br>
<p>This volcanic group is listed among the 100 famous mountains in Japan. There the mountains are listed as Yatsugatake. Mount Tateshina is also part of the Yatsugatake mountains, but is listed separately.</p><br>
<p>These mountains are part of the Yatsugatake-Chūshin Kōgen Quasi-National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The volcanoes are stratovolcanoes that are 1 million to 200,000 years old. The rock is mainly basalt and andesite.</p><br>
<h2>List of peaks</h2><br>
<p>The following peaks make up the Southern Yatsugatake Volcanic Group:</p><br>
<p>Interview Island is an island of the Andaman Islands. It belongs to the North and Middle Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.</p><br>
<p>the island is lying 125 km north from Port Blair.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lighthouse on the island was affected by the tsunami generated by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake which inundated much of its area, The lighthouse was reported as "completely destroyed" at the time, but it was later repaired.</p><br>
<p>Until 2015, there was a wildlife station to monitor birds, with permanent inhabitants, located on the west coast near the lighthouse.</p><br>
<p>The station also had a manned lighthouse keeper (from the police). it was evacuated at the end of 2015 due to budget discontinued.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island belongs to the Interview Group and is situated to the west of Austen Strait which separates North Andaman Island and Middle Andaman Island. It has an area of 101 km</p><br>
<p>The island is low at its N end, but</p><br>
<p>rises gradually to a height of 113m. The highest part of the island</p><br>
<p>is a wooded plateau. A rocky pinnacle, 7m high, lies close</p><br>
<p>off a cliff on the S end of the island. Foul ground extends about</p><br>
<p>2 miles NNE from the island.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The island has about 80-90 feral elephants which were brought for forestry works, and still remain on this island.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>Politically, Interview Island, along neighboring Interview Group Islands, is part of Mayabunder Taluk.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>One can travel by dinghy through Austen Strait from Mayabunder, on demand (takes 3 hours).</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>There is only 1 village, located at the eastern part of the island.</p><br>
<p>According to the 2011 census of India, the Island has 1 households. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 100%.</p><br>
<p>The island was opened to tourists in the year 1997, it is entirely abandoned. Just a few forest wardens, policemen and coast guards are posted here in order to keep poachers at a safe distance.</p><br>
<p>Lake Chiuta is a shallow lake on the border between Malawi and Mozambique. It lies to the north of Lake Chilwa and to the south of Lake Amaramba, which has no outlet, and the lakes are separated by a sandy ridge. Both lakes lie in a graben which runs northeast-southwest, east of the main African Rift Valley.</p><br>
<p>Lake Chiuta is 3–4 meters deep and ranges in size from 25 to 130 square kilometers, depending on the season and rainfall. Lake Chiuta and Amaramba is intermittently linked to the Lugenda River, a tributary of the Ruvuma River.</p><br>
<p>Lake Chiuta can desiccate completely (Owen et al. 198?)</p><br>
<p>Mean Depth: 1.13 m / average surface area: 199 km² / average volume: 0.225 km³ / encatchment area: 1755 km² (Ojda 1994)</p><br>
<p>Predominant commercial fish species: Oreochromis shiranus shiranus (Chambo), Clarias griepinus (Mlamba), Barbus paludinosus (Matemba) / 37 fish species recorded in total (Ojda 1994)</p><br>
<p>Dominating aquatic macrophytes: Potamogeton welwitschii + Ceratophyllum demersum (submerged); Eliocharis dulcis, Oryza barthii, Vossia cuspidata, etc. (Ojda 1994)</p><br>
<p>Pana Tinani is an island in the Louisiade Archipelago in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island has an area of 78 km, making it the sixth largest island of the Louisiade Archipelago. The island is hilly, rising to 338 m at Mt. Guyuba.</p><br>
<p>The island is 3.1 km north of Vanatinai, and separated from it with the Bulami Channel. It is also 100 meters east of Nigao, the easternmost island in the Calvados Chain. separated with the Magamaga Channel.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island was discovered in the late 18th century, named after the wife of the explorer Joannett.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>At the census of population in 2014, the island had 740 inhabitants, spread across 11 villages.</p><br>
<p>The main town is Bwailahina (formerly Hebwaun) on the southeast coast.</p><br>
<p>The island&#39;s population is administered by 2 wards: Nimoa Ward, Wanim Ward.</p><br>
<p>Zhokhov Island  is an island in the East Siberian Sea, situated 128 km north east of Novaya Sibir Island, the easternmost of the New Siberian Islands. Zhokhov Island belongs to the De Long group. It has an area of 77 km². The highest point of the island is 123 m. This island belongs to the Sakha  Republic administrative division of Russia.</p><br>
<p>Although the island itself is unglaciated, the sea surrounding Zhokhov Island is covered with fast ice in the winter and the climate is severe. The surrounding sea is obstructed by pack ice, even during the summer.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Zhokhov Island consists of extrusive basalt lava flows and tuffs. The bulk of this island is made up of a thick stack of olivine basalt, olivine trachybasalt, and nepheline basalt lava flows. Overlying these lava flows is a layer of friable volcanic ash and tuff that is capped by a thick basalt lava flow. The total thickness of volcanic rocks exposed within Zhokhov Island is about 400 meters</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation</h2><br>
<p>Rush/grass, forb, cryptogam tundra covers the Zhokhov Island. It is tundra consisting mostly of very low-growing grasses, rushes, forbs, mosses, lichens, and liverworts. These plants either mostly or completely cover the surface of the ground. The soils are typically moist, fine-grained, and often hummocky.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mesolithic humans occupied the island as early as 6000 BCE. Tools of stone, bone, antler, and ivory have been found, as well as wooden arrow shafts and a sledge runner. Animal remains suggest a culture dependent on the hunting of polar bears and reindeer. Evidence published in 2017 suggests that the early inhabitants of Zhokhov Island were the first, or among the first, humans to selectively breed dogs. Findings indicate that larger dogs may have been bred for hunting and smaller dogs weighing 16 kg to 25 kg were bred for pulling sleds.</p><br>
<p>In modern times, Zhokhov Island was discovered by the 1910–1915 Russian Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition under Boris Vilkitsky on the ships Vaygach and Taymyr. It was originally named Novopashenniy Island, after Piotr Alekseyevich Novopashenniy (1881–1950) Captain of icebreaker Vaygach, but in 1926 it was renamed after Lieutenant Alexey Zhokhov, a member of the expedition.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Zhokhov Island is mentioned in Stanley Kubrick&#39;s Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb as a place where the Russians built the doomsday device.</p><br>
<p>Ostrov Zhokhova is also mentioned in the Soviet "sad comedy" film by Georgii Danelia "Osennii Marafon" (Autumn Marathon). The films "hero" Andrei Buzykins daughter and her husband depart to take up a job in the weather station on Zhokhov Island, to Andrei&#39;s horror.</p><br>
<p>Veria , officially transliterated Veroia, historically also spelled Berea, is a city in Macedonia, northern Greece, located 511 km north-northwest of the capital Athens and 73 km west-southwest of Thessalonica.</p><br>
<p>Even by the standards of Greece, Veria is an old city; first mentioned in the writings of Thucydides in 432 BC, there is evidence that it was populated as early as 1000 BC. Veria was an important possession for Philip II of Macedon (father of Alexander the Great) and later for the Romans. Apostle Paul famously preached in the city, and its inhabitants were among the first Christians in the Empire. Later, under the Byzantine and Ottoman empires, Veria was a center of Greek culture and learning. Today Veria is a commercial center of Central Macedonia, the capital of the regional unit of Imathia and the seat of a Church of Greece Metropolitan bishop in the Ecumenical Patriarchate as well as a Latin Catholic titular see.</p><br>
<p>The extensive archaeological site of Vergina (ancient Aegae, the summer capital of Macedon), a UNESCO World Heritage Site containing the tomb of Philip II of Macedon, lies 12 km (7 mi) south-east of the city center of Veria.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Classical and Roman Veria</h3><br>
<p>The city is reputed to have been named by its mythical creator Beres (also spelled Pheres) or from the daughter of the king of Berroia who was thought to be the son of Macedon. Veria enjoyed great prosperity under the kings of the Argead Dynasty (whose most famous member was Alexander the Great) who made it their second most important city after Pella; the city reached the height of its glory and influence in the Hellenistic period, during the reign of the Antigonid Dynasty. During this time, Veria became the seat of the Koinon of Macedonians (Κοινόν Μακεδόνων), minted its own coinage and held sports games named Alexandreia, in honor of Alexander the Great, with athletes from all over Greece competing in them.</p><br>
<p>Veria surrendered to Rome in 168 BC. During the Roman empire, Veria became a place of worship for the Romans. Diocletian made the large and populous city one of two capitals of the Roman province of Macedonia, eponymous in the civil Diocese of Macedonia. Within the city there was a Jewish settlement where the Apostle Paul, after leaving Thessalonica, and his companion Silas preached to the Jewish and Greek communities of the city in AD 50/51 or 54/55. The Bible records:</p><br>
<h3>Byzantine Veria</h3><br>
<p>Under the Byzantine Empire Berrhoea continued to grow and prosper, developing a large and well-educated commercial class (Greek and Jewish) and becoming a center of medieval Greek learning; signs of this prosperity are reflected in the many Byzantine churches that were built at this time, during which it was a Christian bishopric (see below).</p><br>
<p>In the 7th century, the Slavic tribe of the Drougoubitai raided the lowlands below the city, while in the late 8th century Empress Irene of Athens is said to have rebuilt and expanded the city and named it Irenopolis (Ειρηνούπολις) after herself, although some sources place this Berrhoea-Irenopolis further east, towards Thrace.</p><br>
<p>The city was apparently held by the Bulgarian Empire at some point in the late 9th century. The 11th-century Greek bishop Theophylact of Ohrid wrote that during the brief period of Bulgarian dominance, Tsar Boris I built there one of the seven cathedral churches built by him and refers to it as "one of the beautiful Bulgarian churches". In the Escorial Taktikon of ca. 975, the city is mentioned as the seat of a strategos, and it apparently was the capital of a theme in the 11th century. The city briefly fell to Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria at the end of the 10th century, but the Byzantine emperor Basil II quickly regained it in 1001 since its Bulgarian governor, Dobromir, surrendered the city without a fight. The city is not mentioned again until the late 12th century, when it was briefly held by the Normans (1185) during their invasion of the Byzantine Empire. After the Fourth Crusade (1204), it briefly became part of Boniface of Montferrat&#39;s Kingdom of Thessalonica, until the latter was conquered by Epirus in 1224. It changed hands again in 1246, being taken by the Emperor of Nicaea John III Doukas Vatatzes, and formed part of the restored Byzantine Empire after 1261.</p><br>
<p>The 14th century was tumultuous: the area was pillaged by Karasid Turks in 1331, and captured by the Serbian ruler Stephen Dushan in 1343/4, when it became part of his Serbian Empire. It was recovered for Byzantium by John VI Kantakouzenos in 1350, but lost again to the Serbians soon after, becoming the domain of Radoslav Hlapen after 1358. With the disintegration of the Serbian Empire, it passed once more to Byzantium by ca. 1375, but was henceforth menaced by the rising power of the Ottoman Turks.</p><br>
<p>According to a tradition preserved by Yazıcıoğlu Ali, the two younger sons of the Seljuk sultan Kaykaus II were settled by Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos in Veria, and made its governors. One of their descendants converted to Christianity, and one of his progeny, a certain Lyzikos, in turn surrendered the city to the Ottoman Sultan (perhaps Bayezid I). After the Ottoman conquest he and his relatives were settled at Zichna. This story explains the presence of Gagauz people in Veria and its environs. The Ottoman chroniclers report that the town was first captured in 1385, while the Byzantine short chronicles record the date as 8 May 1387. The city changed hands several times over the next decades, until the final Turkish conquest around 1430.</p><br>
<h3>Ottoman Veria</h3><br>
<p>The Ottomans called Veria Karaferye ("black Veria"), possibly to distinguish it from its namesake in Bulgaria, also known as Eski Zagora to the Turks. Under Ottoman rule, Veria was the seat of a kaza within the Sanjak of Salonica; by 1885, the kaza, along with Naoussa, included 46 villages and chiftliks. The 17th-century traveller Evliya Çelebi reports that the city was peaceful, without walls or garrison; it had 4000 houses, 16 Muslim quarters, 15 Christian quarters, and 2 Jewish congregations. The city was a prosperous center of rice production.</p><br>
<p>Under Ottoman rule, Veria continued to be a regional center of Greek commerce and learning, and counted many important Greek scholars as its natives (e.g. Ioannis Kottounios)</p><br>
<h3>Veria in the Greek War of Independence</h3><br>
<p>The presence of a large, prosperous and educated bourgeoisie made Veria one of the centers of Greek nationalism in the region of Macedonia, and the citys inhabitants had an active part in the Greek War of Independence; important military leaders during the uprising included Athanasios Syropoulos, Georgios Syropoulos, Dimitrios Kolemis and Georgios Kolemis, among others; however, as was the case with the rest of Northern Greece, eventually the uprising was defeated, and Veria only became part of modern Greece in 1912 during the Balkan Wars, when it was taken by the Hellenic Army in October 16, 1912 (October 16 is an official holiday in Veria, commemorating the citys incorporation to Greece), and was officially annexed to Greece following the signing of the Treaty of Athens in November 1913.</p><br>
<h3>World War II: Veria in the Resistance</h3><br>
<p>During World War II, Veria was under Nazi occupation between 1941 and 1944. An important resistance movement developed in the city, with the left-wing EAM gaining the sympathy of the inhabitants; the people of Veria took part in resistance activities, such as sabotaging the railway, assassinating SS members, and burning Nazi war material. The town asked Prokopis Kambitoglou to become the Mayor of Veria during the occupation. His role in attempting to mitigate the oppression of the Germans was rewarded after the war by the award of the Order of the Phoenix in recognition of his efforts.</p><br>
<h3>Postwar</h3><br>
<p>Postwar Veria saw a significant rise in population, and a greatly improved standard of living. The 1980s and 1990s in particular were a period of prosperity, with the agricultural businesses and cooperatives in the fertile plains around Veria successfully exporting their products in Europe, the US and Asia. The discovery of the tomb of Philip II of Macedon in the nearby archaeological site of Vergina (ancient Aegae, the summer capital of the Argead Dynasty of Macedon, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site), also made Veria a tourist destination.</p><br>
<p>Veria has a significant immigrant population, mainly from countries of Central and Eastern Europe.</p><br>
<h2>Ecclesiastical history</h2><br>
<p>Berrhoea was a suffragan diocese of the Archdbishopric of Thessalonica, in the sway of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.</p><br>
<p>The names of five of its bishops appear in extant contemporary documents:</p><br>
<p>Gerontius took part in the Council of Sardica (c. 344),</p><br>
<p>Lucas in the Robber Council of Ephesus (449),</p><br>
<p>Sebastian in the Council of Chalcedon (451),</p><br>
<p>Timothy in the synod convoked by Patriarch Menas of Constantinople in 536, and</p><br>
<p>Joseph in the Council of Constantinople (869) that condemned Photius.</p><br>
<p>The Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos promoted the local see to an archbishopric after 1261, and it advanced further to the rank of a metropolitan see by 1300.</p><br>
<h3>Latin titular see</h3><br>
<p>The diocese of Berrhoea was nominally restored in 1933 by the Catholic Church as the titular bishopric of Berrhœa (Latin) / Berrea (Curiate Italian).</p><br>
<p>Its is vacant since decades, having the following incumbents:</p><br>
<p>Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani (Italian) (1962.04.05 – 1962.04.20)</p><br>
<p>Pierre-Auguste-Marie-Joseph Douillard (1963.05.22 – 1963.08.20) as emeritate</p><br>
<p>Federico Kaiser Depel, M.S.C. (1963.10.29 – death 1993.09.26)</p><br>
<h2>Local government — municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Veria was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 5 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Apostolos Pavlos</p><br>
<p>Dovras</p><br>
<p>Makedonida</p><br>
<p>Vergina</p><br>
<p>Veria</p><br>
<p>The municipality has an area of 796.494 km, the municipal unit 359.146 km.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>Veria is located at 40º31 North, 22º12 East, at the eastern foot of the Vermio Mountains. It lies on a plateau at the western edge of the Central Macedonia plain, north of the Haliacmon River. The town straddles the Tripotamos (river), a Haliacmon tributary that provides hydroelectric power to the national electric power transmission network and irrigation water to agricultural customers of the Veria plain.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>Veria has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) that borders on a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). Since the city lies in a transitional climatic zone, its climate displays characteristics of continental, semi-arid and subtropical/Mediterranean climates. Summers (from April to October) are hot (often exceptionally hot) and dry (or mildly humid, with rainfalls that occur during thunderstorms), and winters (from mid-October to March) are wet and cool, but temperatures remain above or well above freezing (meteorological phenomenon of Alkyonides). Snow typically falls once or twice a season. Major temperature swings between day and night are seldom.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>The modern town has cotton and woolen mills and trades in wheat, fruit and vegetables.</p><br>
<p>Lignite mines operate in the area.</p><br>
<p>The largest wind farm in Greece is to be constructed in the Vermio Mountains by Acciona, S.A. It will consist of 174 wind turbines, which will be connected to the national electric power transmission network, generating 614 MW.</p><br>
<h3>Infrastructure - transport</h3><br>
<p>Veria is linked to Thessaloniki by the Thessaloniki-Edessa railway, with connections to Athens and Alexandroupoli. Veria is connected to the motorway system of Greece and Europe through Egnatia Odos, the Greek part of the European route E90. It is also connected to more than 500 local and national destinations via the national coach network (KTEL). Thessaloniki International Airport "Macedonia" is the closest international airport, located 88 km east-northeast of Veria.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>The city boasts a considerable number of Byzantine monuments, as well as post-Byzantine churches built on Byzantine foundations. The most significant Byzantine monument is the Anastasis Church (Church of the Resurrection) with its "spectacular frescoes" from 1315, bearing comparison with some of the finest works of Palaiologan art in the main Byzantine centres of Thessaloniki and Constantinople. Of the citys thirteen mosques, eight survive, including the Old Metropolis, which had been converted into the Hünkar Mosque, as well as the Orta Mosque, Mendrese Mosque, and the Mahmud Çelebi Mosque. Four other mosques, the Subashi, Bayir, Yola Geldi, and Barbuta mosques, are now used as private residences. The Twin Hamam also survives, as well as a number of Ottoman public buildings of the late 19th century. The citys famous bezesten, however, burned down in the great fire of 1864.</p><br>
<p>Museums in Veria include the Archaeological Museum of Veroia, the Byzantine Museum of Veroia, the Folklore Museum of Veroia, a museum of modern Greek history and a laographical museum. There is also a 19th-century Jewish synagogue in the protected Jewish neighbourhood.</p><br>
<p>The archaeological site of Aegae/Aigai (Αἰγαί; modern name Vergina), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lies 12 km south-east of the city centre of Veria.</p><br>
<p>Every summer (August 15 to September 15) the "Imathiotika" festivities take place with a rich cultural program deriving mainly from Veria&#39;s tradition. The site of Elia offers great natural beauty and with an amazing view of the Imathia plain. Neighboring Seli is a well-known ski resort and a few kilometers outside the city is the Aliakmonas river dam.</p><br>
<h3>Education</h3><br>
<p>Veria has one of the largest public libraries in Greece. Originally a small single-room library with limited funds and material, it expanded into a four-story building offering multimedia, and special and rare editions. Veria&#39;s public library collaborates with many international organizations and hosts several cultural events. In 2010, it won the Access to Learning Award (ATLA) prize nominated by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the amount of $1.000.000. Since then, the library became a role model for other libraries in Greece.</p><br>
<p>The Department of Spatial Planning and Development Engineering of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki was located in Veria since 2004, but in 2013 it was relocated to Thessaloniki.</p><br>
<h2>Twin towns — sister cities</h2><br>
<p>Veria is twinned with:</p><br>
<p>Strovolos, Cyprus (1993)</p><br>
<p>Kazanlak, Bulgaria</p><br>
<p>Rognac, France</p><br>
<p>Užice, Serbia</p><br>
<h2>Sports</h2><br>
<p>Veria is home to many sports clubs. Most prominent is the handball team of Filippos Veria, competing in the first national division and which has won many championships (both national and international) over the last 40 years. The most famous is Veria FC which competes in Superleague Greece (Greece&#39;s 1st division). Veria also has two basketball teams, AOK Veria and Filippos Veria, which compete in the local and third national division respectively.</p><br>
<h2>Notable locals</h2><br>
<p>Sopater, kinsman of Paul</p><br>
<p>Demetrius Vikelas, Greek writer; the first president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC)</p><br>
<p>Konstantinos Raktivan, liberal politician, lawyer, Greek Council of State&#39;s first president, member of the Academy of Athens, speaker of the Hellenic Parliament</p><br>
<p>Ioannes Kottounios, Renaissance humanist and philosopher</p><br>
<p>Konstantinos Kallokratos, teacher and poet</p><br>
<p>Patriarch Metrophanes of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria</p><br>
<p>Patriarch Nephon I of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch (Constantinople)</p><br>
<p>Sonia Theodoridou, Greek soprano</p><br>
<p>Efthymios Varlamis, Greek architect, sculptor and painter</p><br>
<p>Sedat Alp, Turkish archaeologist</p><br>
<p>Michalis Chrysochoidis, Greek politician</p><br>
<p>Mimis Papaioannou, Greek football player</p><br>
<p>Kostas Tsartsaris, Greek professional basketball player</p><br>
<p>Yiannis Arabatzis, footballer</p><br>
<p>Pantelis Kafes, footballer</p><br>
<p>Panagiotis Tsalouchidis, former football player</p><br>
<p>Pavlos Kontogiannidis, actor, singer</p><br>
<p>Dimitris Mavropoulos, actor and theatrical director</p><br>
<p>Toli Hagigogu, pro-romanian activist of the Macedonian struggle, publicist against the hellenizaton of Aromanians (Vlachs) in Macedonia</p><br>
<p>George Murnu, Romanian university professor, archaeologist, historian, translator, and poet</p><br>
<p>Elie Carafoli, Romanian engineer and aircraft designer</p><br>
<p>Ion Caranica, Romanian, activist of Iron Guard death squads</p><br>
<p>Sterie Ciumetti, Romanian, activist of Iron Guard</p><br>
<p>Kyriakos Amiridis, Greek diplomat</p><br>
<p>Watch Hill Castle  is an early medieval motte-and-bailey on the border of Bowdon and Dunham Massey, England. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. As the only Scheduled Ancient Monument in Trafford, it is arguably the most important archaeological site in the borough. The castle is located north of the River Bollin and south of a deep ravine.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Substantial dating evidence has not been recovered from the site, but the form of the castle as a timber motte-and-bailey would date it to between the Norman Conquest and the 13th century. The lack of documentary evidence relating to the castle may be attributed to the short term nature of the timber construction; motte-and-baileys were quick to establish and would not necessarily have been used for long periods. A coin found on the site dating to the reign of Henry II, 1154 to 1189, may indicate that the castle was built during this period. The castle most likely belonged to Hamo de Mascy who was involved with the barons&#39; rebellion against Henry II in 1173. The castle had fallen out of use by the 13th century.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>What remains of the motte is conical, measuring 40 m wide at the base and 17 m at the top, 6 m above the base. The motte is surrounded by a 5 m wide and 3 m deep ditch. The bailey covered a triangular area of approximately 2,400 m&sup2; and lay to the east of the motte. It would have been defended by an earthen bank and a palisade; some of the rampart remains as high as 0.3 m in some places. The north side of the bailey was doubly protected by the terrain sloping away steeply, and the south side was protected by the river.</p><br>
<p>The Monasterio de Santa María de El Paular  is a former Carthusian monastery  located just northwest of Madrid, in the town of Rascafría, located in the Valley of Lozoya below the Sierra de Guadarrama.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Construction is believed to have begun in 1390 by orders of Henry II of Castile, and construction proceeded for fifty years under his son, John I of Castile. It was sited where an old chapel stood. Supposedly he was spurred to this project due to his plundering of a chartreuse during a campaign in France. This was the first chartreuse in Castille and Leon. In 1403, a small adjacent palace was built under Rodrigo Alonso. Multiple architects contributed to the complex, including Juan Guas, Rodrigo Gil de Hontañón, Francisco Hurtado and Vicente Acero. The refectory was designed in a Moorish style.</p><br>
<p>The monastery was dissolved in 1835, and not till 1876 was some state protection afforded to the site. Since 1954, part of the monastery is occupied by the Benedictine order; while part was a private luxury hotel, operating as the Sheraton Santa Maria de El Paular, for many years, until it closed in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The spectacular late-Baroque decorations of the chapel of the sacristy and its Transparente (mid-18th century) by Francisco Hurtado Izquierdo and containing polychromatic marbles, solomonic columns, and gilded leafwork, contrast with the rocky serene simpleness of the cloisters. The silver decoration of the church included a silver “custodia” weighing some 24 arrobas (approximately 15 kilogram per arroba), which among with many other items, was probably looted by Napoleon&#39;s troops. There is a large 15th century carved wood reredos in excellent condition, and a fine ironwork screen segregating the monastic choir from the nave.</p><br>
<h2>Collections</h2><br>
<p>While it still has an interesting library, its once famous collection of books and maps has been dispersed. In 1755, an earthquake damaged the tower and nave roof. Missing from the site are 52 paintings by Vincenzo Carducci on the life of St. Bruno and other devotional incidents. The paintings are in local museums, including the Prado in Madrid. The paintings were returned to the monastery after restoration in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Parts of both monastery and hotel are open for visits by the public.</p><br>
<p>Cerro del León is a stratovolcano located in El Loa province, Antofagasta Region, Chile. It is part of the Chilean Central Volcanic Zone and forms a volcanic lineament with neighbouring Paniri and Toconce that was active into the Holocene. Cerro del León itself was constructed in three stages by andesitic–dacitic lava flows and was subject to glacial erosion.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The volcano has a diameter of 6 km and is constructed from andesites erupted through three stages of activity. Two nested craters lie on its summit and have diameters of 260 -. Volcán Lagunita is a neighbouring volcano and is more heavily eroded and hydrothermally altered.</p><br>
<h3>Regional setting</h3><br>
<p>Cerro del León is part of the Central Volcanic Zone, a volcanic belt in the Andes. Volcanic activity occurs since the Oligocene and includes dacitic–rhyolitic ignimbrites. On top of these the main volcanic arc, including andesitic-dacitic stratovolcanoes, has formed 300 - away from the Peru–Chile Trench on a crust 120 km thick. San Pedro and Lascar have historical activity, but only a few volcanoes have been studied, namely Lascar, Ollagüe and Parinacota.</p><br>
<p>The volcano is part of the San Pedro-Linzor lineament, a 65 km long volcanic chain that extends northwest-southeastward. It was constructed on top the Toconce and Sifon Ignimbrites. The alignment was active during the late Pleistocene–Holocene and contains San Pedro-San Pablo–Paniri–Cerro del León–Toconce–Linzor.</p><br>
<h3>Eruption history</h3><br>
<p>The volcano was constructed in various phases. The base of the volcano is constructed from andesitic lava flows that directly overlie the ignimbrite basement. These at first erupted in the west and east, subsequently northwest and southeast. Dacites and andesites form the last stage and the bulk of the edifice.</p><br>
<p>The volcano was subject to glaciation, leaving moraines down to 5,200 m altitude, formed during the last glaciation 15,000–11,000 years ago. Glacial effects are noticeable on the northnorthwest flanks.</p><br>
<h3>Petrology</h3><br>
<p>Lavas contain phenocrysts of plagioclase with variable amounts of biotite, clinopyroxene, opaque minerals and orthopyroxene. The matrix is glassy and contains hornblende and plagioclase. The lavas have vesicular and minor proportions of amygdaloid, porphyric, trachytic and vitrophyric texture.</p><br>
<h2>Religious importance</h2><br>
<p>Cerro del Leon is a holy mountain for the local territory. An Inca religious site is located on its summit.</p><br>
<p>Volcán Linzor is a stratovolcano on the border between Bolivia and Chile. In its vicinity lie Laguna Colorada and Cerro del León.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<h3>Regional</h3><br>
<p>Since the late Oligocene, subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate has caused volcanism on the western edge of South America, including the formation of the Central Volcanic Zone. The crust in the Central Andes contains both an upper felsic layer and a lower mafic layer and was partly assembled from numerous terranes during the Mesoproterozoic. The most important two form the Arequipa-Antofalla crustal domain.</p><br>
<h3>Local</h3><br>
<p>Linzor volcano is part of the Central Volcanic Zone. The Andean Central Volcanic Zone has erupted large ignimbrites and lava flows. Dominant rocks are andesite and dacite. One part of the Central Volcanic Zone is the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex, a system of ignimbrite sheets and lava domes that was active between 8.4 and 2.9 million years ago and is underpinned by a layer of partially molten crust. In the Linzor area, volcanism is represented by the 8.3 million years old Sifon ignimbrite, Cerro Chillahuita and Cerro Chao.</p><br>
<p>Linzor and other volcanoes in the neighbourhood are constructed by breccia, lava domes, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and breccia. The volcanoes are formed by basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite. Pyroxene andesite is the dominant component. The volcanoes are constructed on top of Miocene ignimbrites and are of Pleistocene-Holocene age. An Inca sanctuary has been found on Linzor.</p><br>
<p>Linzor is part of a north-south trending volcanic chain with San Pedro volcano. This chain is parallel to several Paleozoic faults in the region. The Rio Toconce, a tributary of the Rio Salado and ultimately of the Loa River, originates at the foot of Linzor.</p><br>
<p>Millington is a village within the town of East Haddam, Connecticut. Millington lies halfway between East Haddam center and Salem center. It is the section of East Haddam that is the closest to Devils Hopyard State Park. The village is connected to East Haddam Center and to Devils Hopyard State Park by a series of secondary roads that are maintained by the state. The road is given an unsigned designation "Special Service Road 434", which runs on Mount Parnassus Road, Millington Road, Haywardville Road, and Hopyard Road.</p><br>
<p>Millington includes the Millington Green Historic District which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The village is the site of the Millington Green, a small triangular town green in the center of the village at the junction of Millington, Haywardville, and Tater Hill roads. The Green contains a flagpole, bench, and perennial flower garden and is surrounded by several historic houses, including the Daniel Bulkeley House (built in 1792), the 10th District Schoolhouse (built in 1854), the Millington Green Parsonage (built in 1854), the Julius Schwab House (built in 1950 but incorporating a schoolhouse from 1756), and the Ebenezer Dutton House (built in 1766).</p><br>
<p>Millington was first settled in 1704 by Jonathan Beebe of New London. An ecclesiastical society separate from Haddam (East Haddam was then part of Haddam) was granted in 1733. The congregational church was organized in 1736 and a meetinghouse constructed on the Green in 1740. The village became a training area for the local militia during the Revolutionary War. The village never recovered from a depression following the War of 1812 and is now a rural residential neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Poquetanuck is a village in the town of Preston, Connecticut, located near the banks of a bay known as Poquetanuck Cove that opens to the Thames River. The village includes the National Register of Historic Places -listed Poquetanuck Village Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Historically, Poquetanuck was one of three distinct settlements in the town of Preston, the others being Preston City and Long Society. The village of Poquetanuck was the site of shipbuilding activity.</p><br>
<p>The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 22, 1996. It includes representations of Colonial, Mid 19th Century Revival, and Late Victorian architectural styles. At the time of the 1996 listing, there were 39 contributing buildings, two other contributing structures, and one contributing site in the district.</p><br>
<p>One contributing property in the historic district is a home built in 1754 by sea captain William Gonzales Grant which currently houses a bed and breakfast inn.</p><br>
<p>Route 2A, a two-lane undivided highway, passes through Poquetanuck. Increased traffic volumes on this road, attributed to the nearby Foxwoods and Mohegan Sun casinos, are considered to be a threat to the historic character of the village.</p><br>
<p>A 234 acre tract with about one mile of shore frontage on Poquetanuck Cove belongs to The Nature Conservancy, which maintains it as Poquetanuck Cove Preserve.</p><br>
<p>The Roman Ridge is that part of the Roman road of Ermine Street located in the Doncaster area of South Yorkshire, England. Although in places, Ermine Street follows the modern Great North Road , there is a stretch between Sunnyfields and Red House which is known as the Roman Ridge.</p><br>
<p>The Roman Ridge departs from the A638 at the "Sun Inn" junction with the A635 (or Barnsley Road). Its course runs at an angle bisecting the angle made between the two modern roads. It runs to the west of the A638, roughly parallel to it, through the village of Sunnyfields and on to cross Green Lane, Scawsby on the eastern edge of Little Canada. From there it runs along the western edge of the villages of Highfields and Woodlands until it reaches the Red House junction of the Great North Road. From there, the Roman Ridge joins the A1 (Great North Road) as far as Barnsdale.</p><br>
<p>The Roman Ridge is colloquially known as the Roman Rigg, or ridge.</p><br>
<p>The Main Street Historic District in Tampico, Illinois, United States is a historic district notable as home to the birthplace of Ronald Reagan. The district includes the late 19th century collection of buildings that comprise Tampico&#39;s central business district, among them are two apartments that the Reagan family occupied in the early 1900s. The buildings in the district went through several periods of rebuilding during the 1870s due to major fires and a tornado. The district boundaries encompass the 100 block of Main Street and exclude properties that do not date from the historic period.</p><br>
<p>The historic district represents an intact commercial district representative of rural, small town Illinois. The buildings present a cohesive architectural unit; each building within is dependent on the others for its significance. The district&#39;s contributing properties are divided into two major categories "contributing structures" and "significant structures." Both commercial buildings that the Reagans occupied second floor apartments in are listed as "significant." The Main Street Historic District was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tampico, Illinois, in southeastern Whiteside County, was founded in 1858 but settlers did not arrive in earnest until 1871, partially due to the swampy nature of the terrain. After the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad constructed a line through Tampico in 1871 growth was rapid but faced a series of major setbacks. In 1872, 1874 and 1876 the village was struck by major fires which required the repeated rebuilding of the town&#39;s central business district along Main Street. A tornado destroyed about 40 buildings in 1874, adding to the headache caused by the fires. As a result of the repeated rebuilding, all buildings along Main Street built after 1876 are constructed from brick.</p><br>
<p>Between 1896–1905 the Main Street district in Tampico went through a building boom. Many agriculturally oriented industries located in Tampico during this time period. The construction of the Hennepin Canal from 1899–1907 also contributed to the influx of new buildings in Tampico and during the period of construction five new buildings were added to Main Street. It was in 1906 that the family of Ronald Reagan moved into the district, occupying the apartment on the second floor of the building at 111 Main Street. They would live in other locations in Tampico, move, and eventually briefly return to the village and occupy another second floor apartment within the district.</p><br>
<p>Modern Main Street (Illinois Route 172) in Tampico has fewer buildings and less density than it did during the peak of its historical significance from 1871–1920. Fires, and new construction are to blame, in part, for this situation. Despite fewer buildings, the row of commercial buildings along the east side of Main Street are illustrative of the former density of the district.</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries</h2><br>
<p>Historically, the central business district in Tampico stretched one block, the 100 block, of Main Street, which extended from Market Street on the north to the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy tracks on the south. The boundaries of the historic district mostly overlie the traditional boundaries of the central business district The district boundaries exclude properties that are not part of the historic period. In addition, the boundaries exclude residential properties.</p><br>
<p>The northern boundary of the historic district, near Market Street, was drawn to include the properties at 106 and 107 S. Main while excluding a lot, vacant at the time of the district&#39;s inclusion on the National Register, and a new building. The southern border was drawn along Pig Alley and designed to exclude a non-historic grain elevator near the railroad tracks.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The buildings in the Tampico Historic District all have a uniform setback, save the neo-Colonial, 1970s era bank building. All but one of the district&#39;s buildings stand two stories, contributing to a uniform architectural rhythm and harmony. Land use within the district boundaries is strictly commercial and the architecture of the buildings reflect that use. The most architecturally significant structures in the district are part of an integrated, cohesive unit. Their significance is dependent upon each other, thus, the removal of any one of the buildings would reduce the integrity of the other buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Properties</h2><br>
<h3>Contributing structures</h3><br>
<p>The three buildings considered contributing structures, while dating from the period of historical significance for the district, have been extensively altered. In addition, all three buildings are free-standing structures and thus, not integrated into the whole of the visual harmony found in the significant structures. The three altered buildings are located at 106, 110 and 131 South Main Street.</p><br>
<p>The building at 131 Main, on the east side of the street, was originally constructed in 1873 and formerly owned by the Glassburn Lumber and Feed company. The west facade of the building has been altered by the addition of a new storefront and a pseudo-Mansard roof. The structures at 106 and 110 Main are connected by a single story structure between them. 106 S. Main Street was constructed in 1873 and features a false-front with a parapet that hides its gable roof. The building formerly housed a millinery and a beauty shop and its front (east) facade has been significantly altered. At 110 S. Main Street is a 1905 two-story brick building originally used as a grocery store. The building, which has been used by the Masonic Lodge, has had part of its cornice removed and replaced by a shingled canopy.</p><br>
<h3>H.C. Pitney Variety Store</h3><br>
<p>The building known as the H.C. Pitney Variety Store consists of two store fronts, and was erected by Ray McKenzie in 1900. The H.C. Pitney Variety Store occupied the property, under various owners, from 1911 until 1920. H.C. Pitney owned the store from 1911 until 1914, when he sold it. The H.C. Pitney Variety Store is most notable for its upstairs tenants from 1919-1920. During this period, H.C. Pitney operated the building as the H.C. Pitney Variety Store, and the second-floor apartment was occupied by the family of 40th USA President Ronald Reagan.</p><br>
<p>The building is part of a two-story commercial block along Main Street, and is attached to the building next to it. Of the two structures in the block the Pitney Store is the newest, the other building was built a year earlier. The two-story brick building features a metal cornice and two storefronts listed at different addressed. The first store front, at 124 Main Street is 3 bays wide and the second, at 122 Main Street, is 4 bays wide.</p><br>
<h3>Ronald Reagan Birthplace</h3><br>
<p>The building known as the birthplace of 40th USA President, Ronald Reagan, was constructed in 1896 for G.W. Stauffer by Fred Harvey Seymour and later became known as the Graham Building. It was built in 1896 and housed a tavern from that time until 1915. On February 6, 1911 the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan, was born in the apartment above the bakery/restaurant which later became the site of the First National Bank. The Reagans would move out of the apartment and into a house on Glassburn Street in Tampico a few months after Ronald was born.</p><br>
<p>Architecturally, the two story brick building is similar to its neighboring buildings. It is brick, two-stories tall, has three second story windows and a cornice. Only the areas oldest buildings differ from the Reagan Birthplaces metal cornices and flat headed windows. The building&#39;s first floor interior has been restored as the First National Bank, which occupied the property from 1919-1931. On the second floor the apartment has been restored to the period when Reagan was born. The site offers tours to the public and is listed as a "significant" contributing property to the historic district.</p><br>
<h3>Significant structures</h3><br>
<p>The contributing properties in the Main Street Historic District are classified into two categories, "significant" and "contributing". Significant structures are those with architectural or historical distinction, 10 of the 14 buildings remaining within the district are classified as significant. The significant structures are grouped into two sets, one consists of the buildings from 107–119 Main Street (along the east side of the street) and the second of buildings from 122–126 Main Street (west side of street).</p><br>
<p>The first group of significant structures are along the east side of Main Street and addressed from 107–119. 107 S. Main Street was constructed for Susie Slippell in 1903 and once housed a harness shop. The next building, 109 Main, was built in 1898 by J.J Blietz, it held the Elmdorf Grocery and Meat Market. The building adjacent the former meat market is the Ronald Reagan Birthplace. 113 and 115 Main were built simultaneously in 1900, and share a wall. 113 Main is the current home to the Ronald Reagan Gift Shop and was originally constructed by Fred Seymour for use as the Seymour Grocery Store. The building at 115 was built for M.R. Lyon and has been in use as a funeral home since 1903.</p><br>
<p>The structures at 117 and 119 are the oldest brick buildings in the historic district and were built in 1877 following the last major fire. 117 Main, built for J.C. Paice, has housed a grocery store, meat market, and variety store, and retains its original cast iron storefront. The building at 119 Main was erected for Ruben Davis. It was damaged by fire in 1980 but has since been repaired.</p><br>
<p>The second group of significant structures are found on the west side of Main Street from 122–126. The two storefronts at 122 and 124 Main are the H.C. Pitney Variety Store. The adjacent structure was built in 1899 for A.J. Glassburn, son of town founder John Glassburn. The building housed the Tampico State Bank from 1899–1931 with A.J. Glassburn as its president. Glassburn also served as mayor of Tampico during three periods, 1882–1885, 1887–1893, and 1901–1902. After 1931 the building housed another bank and a lumber and hardware store.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Main Street Historic District in Tampico, Illinois is most significant in two areas. First, the district represents an intact example of a central commercial district in a rural Illinois town. Second, the birthplace of the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan, is located within the district&#39;s boundaries.</p><br>
<p>Vido  is an island of the Ionian Islands group of Greece.</p><br>
<p>It is a small island (less than a kilometer in diameter) at the mouth of the port of Corfu.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the First World War, the island of Corfu served as an island hospital and quarantine for sick Serbian soldiers following the epic retreat of the Serbian army and part of the civilian population through Montenegro and Albania in 1915 following the Austro-German-Bulgarian invasion of Serbia (see Serbian Campaign (World War I)). While the main camps of the recuperating army were on Corfu itself (a contingent was sent to Bizerte as well, and many of the civilian refugees were accepted by France), the sick and near-dying, mostly soldiers, were treated on Vido to prevent epidemics. In spite of Allied material help, the conditions of both the improvised medical facilities and many of the patients on the island resulted in a high fatality rate. Due to small area of the island and its rocky soil, it soon became necessary to bury the dead in the sea (by weighting the corpses with rocks to prevent them from floating). Over 5,000 people were buried at sea near the island of Vido.</p><br>
<p>A monument of gratitude to the Greek nation was erected at Vido by Serbs in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The waters around Vido island are sometimes referred to as the Blue Sea Tomb (Serbian: Plava Grobnica), after a poem written by Milutin Bojić after World War I.</p><br>
<p>The Howland Cultural Center, formerly known as Howland Library, is located on Main Street  in Beacon, New York, United States. It is an ornate brick building designed by Richard Morris Hunt in the 1870s. In 1973 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Hunt was commissioned by his brother-in-law, Joseph Howland, to design a home for a subscription library he donated to the city. The completed building has much in common with the Stick style summer homes in Newport, Rhode Island, that Hunt designed at this early stage of his career. Some of its design elements have been compared to Norwegian vernacular architecture. The interior was not complete in its current form until almost the end of the century. Except for some upgrades to its utilities, it has remained largely intact since then.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the 1920s it was one of only two remaining public subscription libraries in the state. In response to a donor&#39;s bequest, the library became free at the end of that decade. Almost 50 years later, the library moved out when it outgrew the building. Since then it has been used as a cultural center, hosting various visual and performing arts events.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The building is located at the east end of downtown Beacon, at the corner of Main Street and Tioronda Avenue, just west of where Churchill Street forks off to cross Fishkill Creek. The blocks to the west and north are urban and densely developed with larger mixed-use buildings, on the south side of the street. A large church is just across Tioronda from the Howland.</p><br>
<p>To the south, across Van Nydeck Avenue, is a mostly wooded area with a few houses. The Madam Brett Homestead, a 1709 stone house also listed on the Register, is near the west end of the block. Another listed building, Beacon&#39;s post office, is a block and a half west along Main Street.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The building itself is a two-story three-by-five-bay brick structure on a foundation of bluestone and granite quarried at nearby Breakneck Ridge. Its first story is faced in brick; the second in polychrome fishscale shingles. Atop is a six-gabled roof covered in Delaware slate pierced by a brick chimney on the west side.</p><br>
<p>On the first story the foundation is capped with a granite water table. The east (front) face has arched double two-over-two double-hung sash windows and central main entrance are set in slightly recessed arched panels trimmed with patterns of black and buff brick. The tops of the panels are corbelled. Narrow side panels between the window panels and corners have a simple cross design in black and buff brick corresponding to the top of the window arches.</p><br>
<p>Six wooden pillars flanking the main entrance support a projecting bay on the second story, with a small hood sheltering the entrance steps. The second story as a whole is set off from the lower level by another water table. Its windows are narrow, tall two-over-two double-hung sash above fluted panels. They extend above the roofline, where they are topped with hipped roofs giving them the appearance of dormers. Wood painted red trims the shingles.</p><br>
<p>The central window has tall, narrow, two-over-four double-hung sash. Its face has a half-timbered appearance, although the section on either side of the windows is faced in clapboard rather than stucco. Above it is a two-paned semicircular lunette window. The bay is topped with a steeply pitched gabled roof and finial.</p><br>
<p>On the side elevations, there are two two-over-two double-hung sash windows in the east bays with a similar treatment as the front windows. Two gables pierce the south face. The smaller one on the north has two-over-two double-hung sash with another half-timbered face in the gable. Its larger counterpart on the south has a large paired window of one-over-one double-hung sash with smaller flanking windows. Above it is a tympanum set with intricate tracery. A similar window is located opposite; it has no smaller window closer to the east.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The interior of the building is a large open space. Floors are of English cane felt overlaid with hemlock, to dampen sound, and topped with strips of Georgia pine.</p><br>
<p>Other rooms include a small entryway on the first floor and two small offices. On the second floor are three small rooms. They were originally the librarian&#39;s apartment, but are now also used as offices.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Joseph Howland, a Civil War general and former New York State Treasurer whose Tioronda estate was a mile (1.6 km) south of the buildings location in what was then the village of Matteawan, commissioned the building from his brother-in-law, Richard Morris Hunt, late in 1871. At the beginning of the next year, a general meeting was held for all those interested in establishing a subscription library. By August the building was complete, and the library opened with a formal ceremony at which Howland transferred the building to the librarys board of trustees.</p><br>
<p>Hunt&#39;s building followed contemporary architectural styles similar to those of the cottages he was building for wealthy vacationers in Newport, Rhode Island. It most clearly reflects the polychrome and Picturesque modes. The woodwork around the main entrance also shows hints of the emerging Stick style; there was one more at the gables, but it has been lost.</p><br>
<p>It was one of the last libraries to use natural light for its reading room. The original 2,200-volume collection grew quickly, as did the membership. In 1887 electric lighting replaced the original gas lamps. Seven years later, more space was needed, and the upper gallery was added, the last significant change to the building. Some alterations have also been made to the heating system over the years.</p><br>
<p>Even after the village of Matteawan, where it was located, merged with nearby Fishkill Landing at the beginning of the 20th century to become todays city of Beacon, the library remained subscribers-only. In the late 1920s, when it was one of only two such libraries remaining in the state, a wealthy local resident made a bequest to the library on the condition that it become a free public library. That began in 1929, essentially making it the citys library.</p><br>
<p>In 1942, Nancy Lamont, the second librarian, left the position. She and her predecessor had served a combined 70 years. The library continued to serve the city and its residents from the building until the 1970s, when the growth of the former outpaced the capacity of the latter. In 1976 the library moved to a vacant department store building two blocks west along Main, where it has remained, still called the Howland Library.</p><br>
<p>After the library moved out, the Howland Cultural Center was established to keep the building in use and preserve it. It hosts a variety of visual and performing arts events, as well as public and community meetings. It rents out the building for some events, mostly similar to those it stages itself but also including small weddings.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, the center installed geothermal heating to cut its energy costs and reduce the use of fossil fuels. A system using water in vertical pipes to be dug 250 feet (76 m) into the earth beneath the center will both heat and cool the building. It heats the building with up 70% more efficiency and cools up to 40% more efficiently. In addition it is quieter, enhancing the building&#39;s acoustics.</p><br>
<p>Slack Farm  is an archaeological site of the Caborn-Welborn variant of the Mississippian culture. Slack Farm is located near Uniontown, Kentucky close to the confluence of the Ohio River and the Wabash Rivers. The site included a Native American mound and an extensive village occupation dating between 1400–1650 CE. Although Slack Farm was long known to be one of the major villages of the Caborn-Welborn people, it became famous when it was very seriously damaged by looters in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Slack Farm site is located on a projecting terrace and adjacent levee 300 m from the Ohio River. There was a mound (Site 15 UN 70) located on the bluff overlooking the site. The Slack Farm site itself consisted of 7 discrete village areas surrounding a central plaza and covering roughly 14 ha. A shallow ravine bisects the site running from the west to the south. Houses were typical Mississippian rectangular wall trench wattle and daub structures set in shallow basins. Many had prepared clay hearths. Located near most houses were special pits used to store maize and other dried foods. The pits were large enough to have stored enough grain to feed 7 to 12 people for a year.</p><br>
<h3>Graves</h3><br>
<p>Each section of the large village maintained its own cemetery. Burials were typically in extended positions. They were often laid out in parallel rows and the absence of overlapping burials suggests that they were marked in some way. Grave goods such as limestone disc pipes, shell beads and ear plugs, as well as small pottery jars were often included, usually near the body&#39;s upper torso. In Late Caborn-Welborn times, European trade goods such as glass beads, copper/brass bracelets and tubes were deposited in the graves. During the 1987 looting, 650 to 750 graves were opened by the looters. Given the fact that infants and children are under-represented in this total, archaeologists speculate that as many as a thousand or more people could have been buried at the seven cemeteries at the site.</p><br>
<h2>1987 looting and its effects</h2><br>
<p>In 1987 the ten looters of Slack Farm paid $10,000 to a new landowner of the Slack Farm property for the right to dig at the site. After renting a tractor, the ten individuals spent two months destroying hundreds of Native American graves, Mississippian culture houses, and unknown other artifacts. Local complaints by the people of Uniontown led to the arrest of the perpetrators for the misdemeanor of "desecrating a venerable object" (a charge which is now a felony, in part due to the controversy over Slack Farm). Prosecution on this charge was difficult in the late 1980s, in part because this predated the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act and related state legislation, which made it clearer that such activities were illegal.</p><br>
<p>The looting of Slack Farm contributed to the passage of more stringent laws in the state of Kentucky relating to the protection of burials, sacred grounds, and indigenous/archaeological sites. The damage done to Slack Farm attracted worldwide attention and was written about in National Geographic Magazine, prompting widespread outcry against illicit removal of antiquities.</p><br>
<p>The hundreds of broken bones were reburied by Native American groups. As of May 2007, Native American groups still meet in the area to commemorate the site and mourn the damage done.</p><br>
<p>Shushan Bridge is a covered bridge over the Batten Kill in the hamlet of Shushan in Washington County, New York, near Vermont. It is one of 29 surviving historic covered bridges in New York State, and one of 4 surviving in Washington County.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1858 by builder Milton Stevens.</p><br>
<p>Town and Howe truss designs were patented by Ithiel Town in 1820 and William Howe in 1840, respectively. The Shushan Bridge employs "the patented Town lattice truss, consisting of top and bottom chords of laminated wood plank, and a web of diagonal wood planks connected by wood trunnels at each point of intersection".</p><br>
<p>It was individually inventoried by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation in 1977.</p><br>
<p>It is one of four Washington County covered bridges submitted for listing in the National Register of Historic Places in one multiple property submission. The others are the Buskirk Bridge, the Rexleigh Bridge, and Eagleville Bridge. All four were listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 8, 1972.</p><br>
<p>The Shushan bridge was closed to traffic in 1962, and was left abandoned for 10 years, then saved by local preservation efforts. Now it is operated as a seasonal museum.</p><br>
<p>Camp Tosebo, on the south shore of Portage Lake in Onekama Township, Michigan, was established in 1912 by Noble Hill, the headmaster of the Todd Seminary for Boys in Woodstock, Illinois, as one of the first summer camps in the United States. The name of the camp is an acronym derived from the school&#39;s name, TOdd SEminary for BOys, and meant to sound like a Native American Indian word.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Camp Tosebo opened in 1912. Its founder, Noble Hill, was a pioneer in progressive education as a teacher and then headmaster and owner of the Todd Seminary for Boys. Hill wanted to create a summer camp program as an extension of the school program. Originally planned for a Wisconsin site, his son Roger insisted on the Portage Lake location because of its excellent lake with access to Lake Michigan for larger sailboats. The Hill family operated the camp through three generations from 1912 to 1962.</p><br>
<p>Many stories exist about Orson Welles attending Camp Tosebo. While he did attend the Todd School, he only visited the camp.</p><br>
<p>The camp ended in 1977. Today the camp operates as a resort rental on its 56 acre wooded and fully restored buildings.</p><br>
<p>Camp Tosebo, also known as Old Camp Tosebo Inn, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000 as District #00000644.</p><br>
<p>The Clinton County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at 50 North Jackson Street in Frankfort, Clinton County, Indiana, United States. The Clinton County Courthouse dates from 1882-1884. It was designed by George W. Bunting, who also designed courthouses in Anderson  and Franklin . The Clinton County Courthouse is a three-story, Second Empire style limestone building adorned with statuary and a 165-foot domed central tower with a clock. The courthouse cost $170,450 to build in 1882. The courthouse is still in use as the county courthouse.</p><br>
<p>A virtual duplicate of the Clinton Courthouse was built in Anderson, Indiana (razed) in red brick at the same time as the Clinton County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is located in the Frankfort Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Samara, also known as the John E. Christian House, is a house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright located in West Lafayette, Indiana. The home is an example of the Usonian homes that Wright designed. Samara was built from 1954 to 1956 and was still occupied by the original owner, John E. Christian, until he died on July 12, 2015.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1950 John and Kay Christian decided to build a home near Purdue University where they both worked, John as a pharmaceutical chemistry professor and Kay as the social director for the university. After much discussion, they decided that Wright was the architect who suited the ideals for their home. Not knowing how to proceed, John phoned Wright directly at his office and was surprisingly able to speak directly to the famed architect. Over the next six years they worked together both with meetings in West Lafayette, Indiana and at Taliesin, Wright&#39;s summer home in Spring Green, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>The home was named after the samara which Wright spotted on the property during his first visit. It featured a long couch and room for sitting on the stairs.</p><br>
<p>The Christian family maintains the home according to the exacting specifications of its architect. As in many of the homes he designed, Wright specified or designed the entire environment, including the furniture, linens and landscaping. The Christians were not initially able to purchase all of the specified custom details; however, they made an agreement with Wright to continue adding to the home as their budget allowed.</p><br>
<p>The color palette of furniture and design details is brighter and more saturated than other examples of Wrights architecture. This was prompted by Kay Christian who requested brighter colors against Wrights wishes. Wright was finally convinced by his wife, Olgivanna Lloyd Wright, who insisted that she would help the Christians with the color design. The result was a palette of vibrant lime green, magenta, and purple combined with more subdued shades of orange, yellow, and beige (see image at left). The home was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 2015. The nomination form for the home provides a very detailed overview of the home with pictures and floor plans. It was featured in a mid-2015 exhibit at the Portsmouth Art and Cultural Center.</p><br>
<p>Vilkitsky Island,  is an island in the Kara Sea. It is located 40 km northeast of Shokalskogo Island, off the tip of the Gydan Peninsula in North Siberia. T</p><br>
<p>This island is not to be confused with other islands called "Vilkitsky", such as the small Vilkitsky group (now mentioned as Dzhekman Islands in most maps) which is part of the Nordenskjold Archipelago, the Vilkitsky Islands located in the Laptev sea off the eastern shores of the Taymyr Peninsula, and also Vilkitsky Island in the De Long Group in the Eastern Siberian Sea.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Vilkitsky Island is bleak and windswept and is covered with tundra. The island is crescent-shaped and it is divided in two by a narrow sound in its midst. It is 42 km in length but only 12 km wide at its broadest zone.</p><br>
<p>The sea surrounding this island is covered with pack ice in the winter and there are numerous ice floes even in the summer. There is a large shallow area between Vilkitsky Island and its southern neighbor, Neupokoyev Island (Остров Неупокоева), named after Konstantin Neupokoev (1884—1924), a naval officer, hydrographer and explorer of the Russian Hydrographic Service in Soviet times.</p><br>
<p>Vilkitsky Island belongs to the Tyumen Oblast administrative division of the Russian Federation. It is also part of the Great Arctic State Nature Reserve, the largest nature reserve of Russia.</p><br>
<p>This island is named after Russian hydrographer Boris Vilkitsky&#39;s father Andrey Vilkitsky, while the Vilkitsky Islands in the Laptev sea are named after Russian hydrographer Boris Vilkitsky himself.</p><br>
<p>The Barabar Caves are perhaps the oldest surviving rock-cut caves in India, mostly dating from the Maurya Empire , some with Ashokan inscriptions, located in the Makhdumpur region of Jehanabad district, Bihar, India, north of Gaya.</p><br>
<p>These caves are situated in the twin hills of Barabar (four caves) and Nagarjuni (three caves); caves of the -distant Nagarjuni Hill are sometimes singled out as the Nagarjuni Caves. These rock-cut chambers date back to the 3rd century BCE, Maurya period, of Ashoka (reigned 273–232 BCE) and his grandson, Dasharatha Maurya.</p><br>
<p>The sculptured surround to the entrance to the Lomas Rishi Cave is the earliest survival of the ogee shaped "chaitra arch" or chandrashala that was to be an important feature of Indian rock-cut architecture and sculptural decoration for centuries. The form was clearly a reproduction in stone of buildings in wood and other vegetable materials, and there is no particular reason to believe that the example here was the specific influence on later examples, of which there are many at sites such as the Ajanta Caves.</p><br>
<p>The caves were used by ascetics from the Ajivika sect, founded by Makkhali Gosala, a contemporary of Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, and of Mahavira, the last and 24th Tirthankara of Jainism. Also present at the site are several rock-cut Buddhist and Hindu sculptures from later periods.</p><br>
<p>Most caves at Barabar consist of two chambers, carved entirely out of granite, with a highly polished internal surface and exciting echo effect. The first chamber was meant for worshippers to congregate in a large rectangular hall, and the second, a small, circular, domed chamber for worship. This inner chamber probably had a small stupa-like structure, at some point, though they are now empty.</p><br>
<p>The caves were featured – located in a fictitious Marabar – in the book A Passage to India by English author E. M. Forster. These were also shown in the book The Mahabharata Secret by Indian author Christopher C. Doyle.</p><br>
<h2>Caves at Barabar Hill</h2><br>
<p>Barabar Hill contains four caves: Karan Chaupar, Lomas Rishi, Sudama and Visva Zopri. Sudama and Lomas Rishi are the earliest examples of rock-cut architecture in India, with architectural detailing made in the Mauryan period. Similar examples include the larger Buddhist Chaitya, found in Maharashtra, such as in Ajanta and Karla Caves. The Barabar caves greatly influenced the tradition of South Asian rock-cut architecture.</p><br>
<p>Lomas Rishi cave has an arch-like shape facade that imitates contemporary timber architecture. On the doorway, a row of elephants proceed towards stupa emblems, along the curved architrave.</p><br>
<p>Sudama cave was dedicated by Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka in 261 BCE. The arches of Sudama cave have bow shape. The caves consist of a circular vaulted chamber with a rectangular mandapa.</p><br>
<p>Karan Chaupar (Karna Chaupar) consists of single rectangular room with polished surfaces, contains inscription which could be dated to 245 BCE.</p><br>
<p>Visva Zopri, reachable by Ashoka steps hewn in the cliff, consists of two rectangular rooms.</p><br>
<h2>Nagarjuni Caves</h2><br>
<p>The nearby caves of Nagarjuna are smaller and later than the Barabar caves. The three caves are:</p><br>
<p>Gopi (Gopi-ka-Kubha), devoted by the king Dasharatha to Ajivika followers circa 232 BCE, according to inscription.</p><br>
<p>Vadithi-ka-Kubha cave (Vedathika Kubha) which are located in a crevice.</p><br>
<p>Vapiya-ka-Kubha cave (Mirza Mandi) which is also devoted to Ajivika followers by Dasharatha.</p><br>
<p>Tindfjallajökull is a stratovolcano in the south of Iceland. It has erupted rocks of basaltic to rhyolitic composition, and a 5-km-wide caldera was formed during the eruption of the 54,000-year-old Thórsmörk Ignimbrite.</p><br>
<p>It is capped by a glacier of 19 km². Its highest peak is Ýmir (1462m), which takes its name from the giant Ýmir of Norse mythology. The most recent eruption was at an unknown time in the Holocene.</p><br>
<p>The name means "Tindfjöll glacier". Tindfjöll ("peak mountains") is a ridge that extends to the south of the glacier.</p><br>
<p>The rivers that flow from the glacier are Hvítmaga to the north-east, Gilsá to the south, Þórólfsá to the south-west, Valá to the north-west and Blesá to the north. Hvítmaga, Gilsá and Þórólfsá drain into Markarfljót while Valá and Blesá drain into Eystri Rangá.</p><br>
<p>Gorong archipelago is a group of islands between Watubela archipelago and Ceram in the Maluku Islands.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Nagarakretagama, an Old Javanese eulogy to king Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit written in 1365, mentions "Gurun" amongst the tributary countries of the kingdom.</p><br>
<p>The English naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace described the islands, which he called Goram, in chapter 25 of his 1869 book The Malay Archipelago.</p><br>
<h2>Islands</h2><br>
<p>The archipelago has three islands.</p><br>
<p>Gorom, the biggest island, with the villages of Miran (Miren) on the east coast, Ondor (Ondur) in the northwest and Hur on its southwestern coast.</p><br>
<p>Panjang to the west of Gorong, with Wisalem village in its southern end.</p><br>
<p>Manawoka in the south, with the villages of Arbau in the north, Amar and Derra, and Nama in the south.</p><br>
<p>Ōkunoshima is a small island located in the Inland Sea of Japan in the city of Takehara, Hiroshima Prefecture. It is accessible by ferry from Tadanoumi and Ōmishima. There are campsites, walking trails and places of historical interest on the island. It is often called "Rabbit Island" because of the numerous feral rabbits that roam the island; they are rather tame and will approach humans.</p><br>
<p>Ōkunoshima played a key role during World War II as a poison gas factory for much of the chemical warfare that was carried out in China.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island was a cultivated area until the Russo-Japanese War when ten forts were built to protect it. Three fishing families lived on the island.</p><br>
<p>In 1925, the Imperial Japanese Army Institute of Science and Technology initiated a secret program to develop chemical weapons, based on extensive research that showed that chemical weapons were being produced throughout the United States and Europe. Japan was a signatory on the 1925 Geneva Protocol which banned the use of chemical warfare. Although the development and storage of chemical weapons were not banned, Japan went to great lengths to ensure the secrecy of construction of the chemical munitions plant begun in 1929, even going so far as to remove records of the island from some maps. The plant was built over the period of 1927 to 1929, and was home to a chemical weapon facility that produced over six kilotons of mustard gas and tear gas.</p><br>
<p>The island was chosen for its isolation, conducive to security, and because it was far enough from Tokyo and other areas in case of disaster. Under the jurisdiction of the Japanese military, the local fish preservation processor was converted into a toxic gas reactor. Residents and potential employees were not told what the plant was manufacturing and everything was kept secret; working conditions were harsh and many suffered from toxic-exposure related illnesses.</p><br>
<p>With the end of the war, documents concerning the plant were burned and Allied Occupation Forces disposed of the gas either by dumping, burning, or burying it, and people were told to be silent about the project. Several decades later, victims from the plant were given government aid for treatment. In 1988 the Ōkunoshima Poison Gas Museum was opened.</p><br>
<h2>Present</h2><br>
<p>Many rabbits live on the island that are descended from rabbits intentionally let loose when the island was developed as a park after World War II. During the war, rabbits were also used in the chemical munitions plant to test the effectiveness of the chemical weapons. Those rabbits were killed when the factory was demolished and are not related to the rabbits currently on the island. Hunting the rabbits is forbidden, and dogs and cats are not allowed on the island.</p><br>
<p>The ruins of the old forts and the gas factory can be found all over the island; entry is prohibited as it is too dangerous. Since it is part of the Inland Sea National Park system of Japan, there is a resource center and across the way is the museum.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the BBC presented a short television series called Pets - Wild at Heart, which featured the behaviours of pets, including the rabbits on the island. The series depicted various tourists coming to feed the rabbits.</p><br>
<h2>Poison Gas Museum</h2><br>
<p>Opened in 1988, the museum "was established in order to alert as many people as possible to the dreadful truths about poison gas."</p><br>
<p>Only two rooms large, the small building provides a basic overview of the construction of the plant, working conditions and the effects of poison gas on humans. Families of workers who suffered the aftereffects of the harsh working conditions donated numerous artifacts to help tell the story of the workers&#39; plight when handling the gas with poor safety equipment that often leaked.</p><br>
<p>The second room shows how poison gas affects the human body through the lungs, eyes, skin, and heart. Images of victims from Iraq and Iran add to the message of the museum.</p><br>
<p>As expressed by the curator Murakami Hatsuichi to The New York Times, “My hope is that people will see the museum in Hiroshima City and also this one, so they will learn that we were both victims and aggressors in the war. I hope people will realize both facets and recognize the importance of peace."</p><br>
<p>In the museum one can pick up a guide to the numerous remains of the forts from the Second Sino-Japanese War and the poison gas factory. Most of the buildings are run-down and condemned, but recognizable.</p><br>
<p>The museum is aimed mainly at the Japanese people, but English translations are provided on the overall summary for each section.</p><br>
<h2>Other buildings and structures</h2><br>
<p>The island is connected by Chūshi Powerline Crossing, the tallest powerline in Japan.</p><br>
<h2>Travel</h2><br>
<p>The best way of accessing the island from the mainland is to take the Sanyō Shinkansen train to Mihara Station (only the Kodama stops there); at Mihara, catch the Kure Line local train to, from there walk to the terminal and catch a ferry. Habu Shosen now also runs direct ferries from Mihara Port to Okunoshima on weekends.</p><br>
